GNU GRUB manual
1 Introduction to GRUB
  1.1 Overview
  1.2 History of GRUB
  1.3 Differences from previous versions
  1.4 GRUB features
  1.5 The role of a boot loader
2 Naming convention
3 OS-specific notes about grub tools
4 Installation
  4.1 Installing GRUB using grub-install
  4.2 Making a GRUB bootable CD-ROM
  4.3 The map between BIOS drives and OS devices
  4.4 BIOS installation
5 Booting
  5.1 How to boot operating systems
    5.1.1 How to boot an OS directly with GRUB
    5.1.2 Chain-loading an OS
  5.2 Loopback booting
  5.3 Some caveats on OS-specific issues
    5.3.1 GNU/Hurd
    5.3.2 GNU/Linux
    5.3.3 NetBSD
    5.3.4 DOS/Windows
6 Writing your own configuration file
  6.1 Simple configuration handling
  6.2 Root Identifcation Heuristics
  6.3 Writing full configuration files directly
  6.4 Multi-boot manual config
  6.5 Embedding a configuration file into GRUB
7 Theme file format
  7.1 Introduction
  7.2 Theme Elements
    7.2.1 Colors
    7.2.2 Fonts
    7.2.3 Progress Bar
    7.2.4 Circular Progress Indicator
    7.2.5 Labels
    7.2.6 Boot Menu
    7.2.7 Styled Boxes
    7.2.8 Creating Styled Box Images
  7.3 Theme File Manual
    7.3.1 Global Properties
    7.3.2 Format
    7.3.3 Global Property List
    7.3.4 Component Construction
    7.3.5 Component List
    7.3.6 Common properties
8 Booting GRUB from the network
9 Using GRUB via a serial line
10 Using GRUB with vendor power-on keys
11 GRUB image files
12 Core image size limitation
13 Filesystem syntax and semantics
  13.1 How to specify devices
  13.2 How to specify files
  13.3 How to specify block lists
14 GRUB's user interface
  14.1 The flexible command-line interface
  14.2 The simple menu interface
  14.3 Editing a menu entry
15 GRUB environment variables
  15.1 Special environment variables
    15.1.1 biosnum
    15.1.2 check_signatures
    15.1.3 chosen
    15.1.4 cmdpath
    15.1.5 color_highlight
    15.1.6 color_normal
    15.1.7 config_directory
    15.1.8 config_file
    15.1.9 debug
    15.1.10 default
    15.1.11 fallback
    15.1.12 gfxmode
    15.1.13 gfxpayload
    15.1.14 gfxterm_font
    15.1.15 grub_cpu
    15.1.16 grub_platform
    15.1.17 icondir
    15.1.18 lang
    15.1.19 locale_dir
    15.1.20 menu_color_highlight
    15.1.21 menu_color_normal
    15.1.22 net_<INTERFACE>_boot_file
    15.1.23 net_<INTERFACE>_dhcp_server_name
    15.1.24 net_<INTERFACE>_domain
    15.1.25 net_<INTERFACE>_extensionspath
    15.1.26 net_<INTERFACE>_hostname
    15.1.27 net_<INTERFACE>_ip
    15.1.28 net_<INTERFACE>_mac
    15.1.29 net_<INTERFACE>_next_server
    15.1.30 net_<INTERFACE>_rootpath
    15.1.31 net_default_interface
    15.1.32 net_default_ip
    15.1.33 net_default_mac
    15.1.34 net_default_server
    15.1.35 pager
    15.1.36 prefix
    15.1.37 pxe_blksize
    15.1.38 pxe_default_gateway
    15.1.39 pxe_default_server
    15.1.40 root
    15.1.41 superusers
    15.1.42 theme
    15.1.43 timeout
    15.1.44 timeout_style
  15.2 The GRUB environment block
16 The list of available commands
  16.1 The list of commands for the menu only
    16.1.1 menuentry
    16.1.2 submenu
  16.2 The list of general commands
    16.2.1 serial
    16.2.2 terminal_input
    16.2.3 terminal_output
    16.2.4 terminfo
  16.3 The list of command-line and menu entry commands
    16.3.1 [
    16.3.2 acpi
    16.3.3 authenticate
    16.3.4 background_color
    16.3.5 background_image
    16.3.6 badram
    16.3.7 blocklist
    16.3.8 boot
    16.3.9 cat
    16.3.10 chainloader
    16.3.11 clear
    16.3.12 cmosclean
    16.3.13 cmosdump
    16.3.14 cmostest
    16.3.15 cmp
    16.3.16 configfile
    16.3.17 cpuid
    16.3.18 crc
    16.3.19 cryptomount
    16.3.20 date
    16.3.21 linux
    16.3.22 distrust
    16.3.23 drivemap
    16.3.24 echo
    16.3.25 eval
    16.3.26 export
    16.3.27 false
    16.3.28 gettext
    16.3.29 gptsync
    16.3.30 halt
    16.3.31 hashsum
    16.3.32 help
    16.3.33 initrd
    16.3.34 initrd16
    16.3.35 insmod
    16.3.36 keystatus
    16.3.37 linux
    16.3.38 linux16
    16.3.39 list_env
    16.3.40 list_trusted
    16.3.41 load_env
    16.3.42 loadfont
    16.3.43 loopback
    16.3.44 ls
    16.3.45 lsfonts
    16.3.46 lsmod
    16.3.47 md5sum
    16.3.48 module
    16.3.49 multiboot
    16.3.50 nativedisk
    16.3.51 normal
    16.3.52 normal_exit
    16.3.53 parttool
    16.3.54 password
    16.3.55 password_pbkdf2
    16.3.56 play
    16.3.57 probe
    16.3.58 pxe_unload
    16.3.59 rdmsr
    16.3.60 read
    16.3.61 reboot
    16.3.62 regexp
    16.3.63 rmmod
    16.3.64 save_env
    16.3.65 search
    16.3.66 sendkey
    16.3.67 set
    16.3.68 sha1sum
    16.3.69 sha256sum
    16.3.70 sha512sum
    16.3.71 sleep
    16.3.72 source
    16.3.73 test
    16.3.74 true
    16.3.75 trust
    16.3.76 unset
    16.3.77 uppermem
    16.3.78 verify_detached
    16.3.79 videoinfo
    16.3.80 wrmsr
    16.3.81 xen_hypervisor
    16.3.82 xen_module
  16.4 The list of networking commands
    16.4.1 net_add_addr
    16.4.2 net_add_dns
    16.4.3 net_add_route
    16.4.4 net_bootp
    16.4.5 net_del_addr
    16.4.6 net_del_dns
    16.4.7 net_del_route
    16.4.8 net_get_dhcp_option
    16.4.9 net_ipv6_autoconf
    16.4.10 net_ls_addr
    16.4.11 net_ls_cards
    16.4.12 net_ls_dns
    16.4.13 net_ls_routes
    16.4.14 net_nslookup
17 Internationalisation
  17.1 Charset
  17.2 Filesystems
  17.3 Output terminal
  17.4 Input terminal
  17.5 Gettext
  17.6 Regexp
  17.7 Other
18 Security
  18.1 Authentication and authorisation in GRUB
  18.2 Using digital signatures in GRUB
  18.3 UEFI secure boot and shim support
  18.4 Measuring boot components
19 Platform limitations
20 Outline
21 Supported boot targets
  21.1 Boot tests
22 Error messages produced by GRUB
  22.1 GRUB only offers a rescue shell
  22.2 Firmware stalls instead of booting GRUB
23 Invoking grub-install
24 Invoking grub-mkconfig
25 Invoking grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2
26 Invoking grub-mkrelpath
27 Invoking grub-mkrescue
28 Invoking grub-mount
29 Invoking grub-probe
30 Invoking grub-script-check
Appendix A How to obtain and build GRUB
Appendix B Reporting bugs
Appendix C Where GRUB will go
Appendix D Copying This Manual
  D.1 GNU Free Documentation License
    D.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
Index
GNU GRUB manual
***************

This is the documentation of GNU GRUB, the GRand Unified Bootloader, a
flexible and powerful boot loader program for a wide range of
architectures.

   This edition documents version 2.04.

   This manual is for GNU GRUB (version 2.04, 24 June 2019).

   Copyright (C)
1999,2000,2001,2002,2004,2006,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013 Free
Software Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections.