diff --git a/figures/airshower/airshower_radio_polarisation.jpg b/figures/airshower/airshower_radio_polarisation.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..681c062 Binary files /dev/null and b/figures/airshower/airshower_radio_polarisation.jpg differ diff --git a/figures/airshower/airshower_radio_polarisation_askaryan.png b/figures/airshower/airshower_radio_polarisation_askaryan.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..606bcfd Binary files /dev/null and b/figures/airshower/airshower_radio_polarisation_askaryan.png differ diff --git a/figures/airshower/airshower_radio_polarisation_geomagnetic.png b/figures/airshower/airshower_radio_polarisation_geomagnetic.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7ed2a31 Binary files /dev/null and b/figures/airshower/airshower_radio_polarisation_geomagnetic.png differ diff --git a/figures/airshower/shower_development_depth_iron_proton_photon.pdf b/figures/airshower/shower_development_depth_iron_proton_photon.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..673f567 Binary files /dev/null and b/figures/airshower/shower_development_depth_iron_proton_photon.pdf differ diff --git a/figures/airshower/shower_development_depth_iron_proton_photon.pdf.txt b/figures/airshower/shower_development_depth_iron_proton_photon.pdf.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..72bfb25 --- /dev/null +++ b/figures/airshower/shower_development_depth_iron_proton_photon.pdf.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +From Harm diff --git a/presentations/2023-06-01_step_up_interview/2023-STEP_UP.tex b/presentations/2023-06-01_step_up_interview/2023-STEP_UP.tex index 7a19a47..bad9fef 100644 --- a/presentations/2023-06-01_step_up_interview/2023-STEP_UP.tex +++ b/presentations/2023-06-01_step_up_interview/2023-STEP_UP.tex @@ -53,59 +53,67 @@ \hypersetup{pdfpagemode=UseNone} % don't show bookmarks on initial view -\title[STEP-UP: Investigating interferometry with GRAND]{% and BEACON]{ +\title[STEP-UP: Interferometry in GRAND]{% and BEACON]{ { \large STEP'UP Interview}\\ { - Investigating interferometry with\\ + Investigating interferometry in\\ GRAND\footnote{Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection} % and BEACON\footnote{Beam forming Elevated Array for COsmic Neutrinos} } } -\date{May $30^{\text{\tiny{th}}}$, 2023} +\date{June, 2023} \author[E.T. de Boone]{ E.T. de Boone \\ \vspace{2em} - Advisor: Olivier Martineau, LPNHE\\ - \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad Harm Schoorlemmer, IMAPP + Advisors: Olivier Martineau, LPNHE\\ + \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\, Harm Schoorlemmer, IMAPP } \begin{document} { \setbeamertemplate{footline}{} % no page number here -\section{Start} \frame{ \titlepage } } -\section{My studies} -\begin{frame}{My studies} +\section{My Background} +\begin{frame}{My Background} Studies @Radboud University, Nijmegen \begin{itemize} - \item Bachelor's from 2012 to 2020 \\ - \quad {\small Minor: Astrophysics} + \item Master's Physics and Astronomy {\small (\textit{1yr courses + 1yr internship})}\\ + \quad { \small Specialisation: Particle and Astrophysics }\\ + \quad { \small Minor: Computational Data Science }\\ - \item Master's from 2020 to 2023 (expected) \\ - \quad {\small Specialisation: Particle and Astrophysics}\\ - \quad {\small Minor: Computational Data Science} + \vspace*{1em} - \item Master's Internship (November 2021 - July 2023) \\ + \item Master's Internship: \\ \quad {\small Supervisor: Harm Schoorlemmer, IMAPP, Radboud University}\\ - \quad {\small ``Enhancing Timing Accuracy in Air Shower Radio Detectors''} + \quad {\small ``Enhancing Timing Accuracy in Air Shower Radio Detectors'' }\\ \end{itemize} - \vspace*{2em} + \vfill - Interests: - \begin{itemize} - \item Hardware experimenting - \item Ultra High Energy particles - \item Radio detection - \end{itemize} + \begin{figure} + \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{beacon/array_setup_gps_transmitter_cows.png} + \imagecredit{H. Schoorlemmer} + \end{figure} \end{frame} +\note[itemize]{ + \item Interests since Bachelor's, continued in Master's + \begin{itemize} + \item Ultra High Energy particles + \item Radio detection \& Hardware experimenting + \end{itemize} -% Context + \item Now wrapping up Master and full year's worth of internship + + \item Why start internship? (Experimental) +} + + +% Cosmic Rays and Radio %%%%%%%%% \section{Radio and Airshowers} \begin{frame}{Ultra High Energy particles} @@ -114,49 +122,244 @@ \imagecite{GRAND:2018iaj} \end{figure} \end{frame} +\note[itemize] +{ +\item Ultra High Energies (EeV $10^{18}$ eV) (Sources) +\item Propagation effects (Magnetic Field deflections, Horizons) +\item Multiple classes (Different combinations of effects) +} -\begin{frame}{Radio signals and Airshowers} - \begin{figure} - \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{grand/GRAND-detection-principle-1.png}% - \imagecite{GRAND:2018iaj} - \end{figure} -\end{frame} - -\begin{frame}{Advantages of Radio Interferometry} +%% +\begin{frame}{Air Showers: Atmospheric Depth \& Composition} \begin{columns} - \begin{column}{0.52\textwidth} - Interferometric Radio Observables:% - \begin{itemize} - \vspace*{1em} - \item<1-> Shower axis%\; Relevant for $\nu$s pointing back to sources - \vspace*{1em} - \item<2-> Depth of shower\\ - $\mapsto$ composition measurement% - \\ - \quad\;(Fe, p, $\gamma$, $\nu$) - \end{itemize} - \end{column} - \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} + \begin{column}{0.45\textwidth} \begin{figure} - \hspace*{-1.5em} - \includegraphics[width=1.2\textwidth]{2006.10348/fig01.png}% - \imagecite{Schoorlemmer:2020low} - \caption[caption]{ - \centering - \tiny{ - orange dot: true shower axis;\hspace{\textwidth} - blue dot: maximum in map - } - } + \hspace*{-1em} + %\scriptsize{TODO: Xmax figure showing difference for photon/proton} + %\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{1607.08781/fig02b_longitudinal_shower_profile.png}% + %\imagecite{Schroder:2016hrv} + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{airshower/shower_development_depth_iron_proton_photon.pdf}% + \imagecredit{H. Schoorlemmer} \end{figure} \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.45\textwidth} + Enhanced Xmax measurement with Interferometry\\ + $\mapsto$ composition measurement\\ + \begin{figure} + \centering + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{2006.10348/fig03_b.png}% + \imagecite{Schoorlemmer:2020low} + \end{figure} + %photon/proton/Fe differences\\ + %\begin{figure} + % \centering + % \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{2006.10348/fig01.png}% + % \imagecite{Schoorlemmer:2020low} + %\end{figure} + %\vspace*{1em} + \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} +\note[itemize] +{ +\item Statistical discrimation: high Z at high altitudes +\item Radio Interferometry helps in Xmax measurement +} + +% GRAND +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{GRAND} +\begin{frame}{Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection} + %\begin{columns} + % \begin{column}{0.45\textwidth} + % \begin{figure} + % \hspace*{-2em} + % \includegraphics[width=1.3\textwidth]{grand/roadmap-per-2023-01-shortened.jpg}% + % \end{figure} + % \vfill + % \end{column} + % \hfill + % \begin{column}{0.45\textwidth} + \begin{figure} + % \hspace*{-2em} + \includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{grand/GRAND-detection-principle-1.png}% + \imagecite{GRAND:2018iaj} + \end{figure} + % \end{column} + %\end{columns} + %200 000 Radio Antennas $\mapsto$ largest Cosmic Ray observatory\\ +\end{frame} +\note[itemize] +{ + \item GRAND radio-only, heavy development + \item pathfinders upto 2026 (Auger reference, Europe testbed, China array) + \item ultra high energy has low hits, need large area +} + +% RI in GRAND +%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%\section{Radio Interferometry} +%\begin{frame}{Radio Interferometry} +% \begin{columns} +% \begin{column}{0.6\textwidth} +% Enhanced measurements: +% \begin{itemize} +% \item Shower depth \\ +% $\mapsto$ composition measurement\\ +% \item Shower axis reconstruction +% \item Detector noise suppression\\ +% \end{itemize} +% +% \vspace*{2em} +% +% Problem: synchronisation $\Delta t < \frac{1}{4f}$\\ +% \end{column} +% \begin{column}{0.4\textwidth} +% \begin{figure} +% \centering +% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{2006.10348/fig01_a.png}% +% \imagecite{Schoorlemmer:2020low} +% \end{figure} +% \end{column} +% \end{columns} +%\end{frame} + +\section{Implementing Interferometry in GRAND} +\begin{frame}{Time synchronisation} + %\vspace*{-2em} + Interferometry: Amplitude + Phase information\\ + \vspace*{ 0.8em } + + Required time accuracy $< \frac{1}{4f} \sim 1 \mathrm{ns}$ (GNSS $\gtrsim 5 \mathrm{ns}$) + \vspace*{ 0.8em } + %Problem: Interferometry requires $\Delta t < \frac{1}{4f}$\\ + %\vspace*{1em} + + Internship: \\ + \quad schemes to synchronise using extra physics band signal\\ +% \quad synchronisation with a single beacon in simulations\\ (algorithm) +% \quad (pulse and single frequency) + + \vspace*{ 0.5em } + + \begin{columns} + %\hfill + \begin{column}{0.3\textwidth} + \includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{radio_interferometry/trace_overlap/on-axis/dc_grid_power_time_fixes.py.repair_none.axis.trace_overlap.repair_none.pdf}% + \vfill + \includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{radio_interferometry/dc_grid_power_time_fixes.py.X400.repair_none.scale4d.pdf}% + \end{column} + \hfill + \begin{column}{0.3\textwidth} + \includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{radio_interferometry/trace_overlap/on-axis/dc_grid_power_time_fixes.py.repair_phases.axis.trace_overlap.repair_phases.pdf}% + \vfill + \includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{radio_interferometry/dc_grid_power_time_fixes.py.X400.repair_phases.scale4d.pdf}% + \end{column} + \hfill + \begin{column}{0.3\textwidth} + \includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{radio_interferometry/trace_overlap/on-axis/dc_grid_power_time_fixes.py.repair_full.axis.trace_overlap.repair_full.pdf}% + \vfill + \includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{radio_interferometry/dc_grid_power_time_fixes.py.X400.repair_all.scale4d.pdf}% + \end{column} + \hfill + \end{columns} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Radio Interferometry and GRAND} + \begin{figure} + \centering + \only<1>{\hspace*{-2em}} + \includegraphics<1>[width=1.13\textwidth]{grand/roadmap-per-2023-01-shortened.jpg}% + \includegraphics<2->[width=0.5\textwidth]{grand/roadmap-per-2023-01-shortened.jpg}% + \imagesource{Adapted from \url{https://grand.cnrs.fr/overview/roadmap/}} + \end{figure} + + \only<2-> { + Timing Requirements:\\ + \quad synchronisation schemes investigated in internship,\\ + \quad opportunity to implement and test (e.g.~Nan\c{c}ay)\\ + } + + \only<3-> { + \vspace*{1em} + Interferometric Analyses:\\ + \quad enhances Xmax resolution\\ + } + + \vspace{\stretch{100}} + + %\vspace*{2em} + %GRAND Goals:\\ + % \quad Largest UHECR observatory, \\ + % \quad Multi-messenger science case,\\ + % \quad meaningful contribution to a new experiment\\ +%\end{frame} +%\begin{frame}{Radio Interferometry in GRAND} + +% \visible<2->{ +% \vspace*{\fill} +% \begin{center} +% \begin{minipage}{.6\textwidth} +% \hrule +% \centering +% \vspace{ 2em } +% \textit{Thank you!} +% \end{minipage} +% \end{center} +% %\vspace{ 4em } +% } +\end{frame} -% Radio Interferometry -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\section{Radio Interferometry} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% Backup slides +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\appendix +\section{Supplemental material} +\begin{frame}[c] + \centering + \Large { + \textcolor{blue} { + Supplemental material + } + } +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Airshower development} + \begin{figure} + \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{1607.08781/fig02a_airshower+detectors.png} + \imagecite{Schroder:2016hrv} + \end{figure} +\end{frame} + +\subsection{Radio Emission} +\begin{frame}{Polarised Radio Emission} + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.2\textwidth} + \centering + Geosynchrotron + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.7\textwidth} + \centering + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{airshower/airshower_radio_polarisation_geomagnetic.png}% + \end{column} + \end{columns} + \vfill + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.2\textwidth} + \centering + Askaryan + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.7\textwidth} + \centering + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{airshower/airshower_radio_polarisation_askaryan.png}% + \imagecite{Huege:2017bqv} + \end{column} + \end{columns} +% \vfill +\end{frame} + +\subsubsection{Radio Interferometry} \begin{frame}{Radio Interferometry: Concept} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{0.4\textwidth} @@ -190,174 +393,39 @@ \end{columns} \end{frame} -\section{Radio and Airshowers} -\begin{frame}{Advantages of Radio Interferometry} - \begin{columns} - \begin{column}{0.47\textwidth} - \begin{figure} - \centering - \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{2006.10348/fig01.png}% - \end{figure} - \end{column} - \hfill - \begin{column}{0.47\textwidth} - \begin{figure} - \centering - \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{2006.10348/fig03_b.png}% - \end{figure} - \end{column} - \end{columns} - \begin{center} - \imagecite{Schoorlemmer:2020low} - \end{center} -\end{frame} - -% My Internship -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\section{My Internship} -\begin{frame}{Timing Constraint for Radio Interferometry} - \vspace*{ -2em } - Required time accuracy $< 1 \mathrm{ns}$ not provided by GNSS $ \gtrsim 5 \mathrm{ns}$. - \vspace{ 2em } - \begin{columns} - \begin{column}{0.5\textwidth} - \visible<2->{% - Additional synchronisation\\ - using physics band - \begin{itemize} - \item Pulsed beacon - \item<3-> Continuous (Sine) - \end{itemize} - \vspace{20pt} - \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{beacon/array_setup_gps_transmitter_cows.png}% - }% - \end{column} - \begin{column}{0.5\textwidth} - \begin{figure}% Clock error fixes - \includegraphics<1>[width=\textwidth]{radio_interferometry/trace_overlap/on-axis/dc_grid_power_time_fixes.py.repair_none.axis.trace_overlap.repair_none.pdf}% - \includegraphics<2>[width=\textwidth]{radio_interferometry/trace_overlap/on-axis/dc_grid_power_time_fixes.py.no_offset.axis.trace_overlap.no_offset.pdf}% - \includegraphics<3>[width=\textwidth]{radio_interferometry/trace_overlap/on-axis/dc_grid_power_time_fixes.py.repair_phases.axis.trace_overlap.repair_phases.pdf}% - \includegraphics<4>[width=\textwidth]{radio_interferometry/trace_overlap/on-axis/dc_grid_power_time_fixes.py.repair_full.axis.trace_overlap.repair_full.pdf}% - \end{figure} - \end{column} - \end{columns} -\end{frame} - -\begin{frame}{Enhancing Timing Accuracy in Air Shower Radio Detectors} - \begin{columns} - \begin{column}{0.5\textwidth} - \centering - Pulse method - \includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{pulse/time_res_vs_snr_multiple_dt.pdf} - \end{column} - \begin{column}{0.5\textwidth} - \centering - Sine method - \includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{beacon/time_res_vs_snr.pdf} - \end{column} - \end{columns} -\end{frame} - -% Towards GRAND -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\section{GRAND and Interferometry} -\begin{frame}{GRAND and Interferometry} - \begin{columns} - \begin{column}{0.6\textwidth} - GRAND in heavy development,\\ - relying on radio measurements\\ - - \vspace{2em} - Special interest in horizontal showers\\ - - \vspace{2em} - - Neutrino's point back to source\\ - - \visible<2->{ - \vspace*{\fill} - \begin{center} - \begin{minipage}{.6\textwidth} - \hrule - \centering - \vspace{ 2em } - \textit{Thank you!} - \end{minipage} - \end{center} - %\vspace{ 4em } - } - \end{column} - \begin{column}{0.4\textwidth} - \begin{figure} - \includegraphics<1>[width=\textwidth]{2006.10348/fig03_b.png}% - \includegraphics<2>[width=\textwidth]{2006.10348/fig01_a.png}% - \imagecite{Schoorlemmer:2020low} - \end{figure} - \end{column} - \end{columns} -\end{frame} - - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% Backup slides -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\appendix -\section{Supplemental material} -\begin{frame}[c] - \centering - \Large { - \textcolor{blue} { - Supplemental material - } - } -\end{frame} - -\begin{frame}{Airshower development} +\begin{frame}{Radio Interferometry: Image} \begin{figure} - \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{1607.08781/fig02a_airshower+detectors.png} - \imagecite{Schroder:2016hrv} + \centering + \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{2006.10348/fig01.png}% + \imagecite{Schoorlemmer:2020low} \end{figure} \end{frame} -\subsection{Radio Emission} -\begin{frame}{Polarised Radio Emission} - \begin{columns} - \begin{column}{0.2\textwidth} - \centering - Geosynchrotron - \end{column} - \begin{column}{0.7\textwidth} - \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{airshower/airshower_radio_polarisation_geomagnetic.png}% - \end{column} - \end{columns} - \vfill - \begin{columns} - \begin{column}{0.2\textwidth} - \centering - Askaryan - \end{column} - \begin{column}{0.7\textwidth} - \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{airshower/airshower_radio_polarisation_askaryan.png}% - \imagecite{Huege:2017bqv} - \end{column} - \end{columns} -% \vfill +\begin{frame}{Radio Interferometry: Xmax Resolution vs Timing Resolution} + \begin{figure} + \centering + \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{2006.10348/fig03_b.png}% + \imagecite{Schoorlemmer:2020low} + \end{figure} \end{frame} %%%%%%%%% -\subsection{Single frequency beacon synchronisation} +\subsection{Synchronisation: Single frequency beacon} \begin{frame}{Short period beacon synchronisation} \begin{figure} - \includegraphics<1>[width=\textwidth]{beacon/08_beacon_sync_timing_outline.pdf}% - \includegraphics<2>[width=\textwidth]{beacon/08_beacon_sync_synchronised_outline.pdf}% - \includegraphics<3>[width=\textwidth]{beacon/08_beacon_sync_synchronised_period_alignment.pdf}% + %\centering + \hspace*{-5em} + \includegraphics<1>[width=1.3\textwidth]{beacon/08_beacon_sync_timing_outline.pdf}% + \includegraphics<2>[width=1.3\textwidth]{beacon/08_beacon_sync_synchronised_outline.pdf}% + \includegraphics<3>[width=1.3\textwidth]{beacon/08_beacon_sync_synchronised_period_alignment.pdf}% \end{figure} \end{frame} \begin{frame}{Time resolving short period beacon} \begin{figure} + \centering \includegraphics<1>[width=\textwidth]{radio_interferometry/dc_grid_power_time_fixes.py.X400.repair_none.scale4d.pdf} \includegraphics<2>[width=\textwidth]{radio_interferometry/dc_grid_power_time_fixes.py.X400.repair_phases.scale4d.pdf} \includegraphics<3>[width=\textwidth]{radio_interferometry/dc_grid_power_time_fixes.py.X400.repair_all.scale4d.pdf} @@ -365,6 +433,37 @@ \end{figure} \end{frame} +\begin{frame}{Time resolving short period beacon: phase vs full} + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.45\textwidth} + { Phase reparation } + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{radio_interferometry/trace_overlap/on-axis/dc_grid_power_time_fixes.py.repair_phases.axis.trace_overlap.repair_phases.pdf}% + \vfill + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{radio_interferometry/dc_grid_power_time_fixes.py.X400.repair_phases.scale4d.pdf}% + \end{column} + \hfill + \begin{column}{0.45\textwidth} + { Phase + Period reparation } + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{radio_interferometry/trace_overlap/on-axis/dc_grid_power_time_fixes.py.repair_full.axis.trace_overlap.repair_full.pdf}% + \vfill + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{radio_interferometry/dc_grid_power_time_fixes.py.X400.repair_all.scale4d.pdf}% + \end{column} + \end{columns} +\end{frame} + +\subsection{Synchronisation: Expected Time Accuracies vs SNR} +\begin{frame} + \begin{figure} + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{beacon/time_res_vs_snr.pdf} + \end{figure} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame} + \begin{figure} + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{pulse/time_res_vs_snr_multiple_dt.pdf} + \end{figure} +\end{frame} + + %%%%%%%%%% \subsection{GNSS clock stability} \begin{frame}{GNSS clock stability I} @@ -412,6 +511,33 @@ \end{columns} \end{frame} +\subsubsection{White Rabbit} +\begin{frame}{White Rabbit: GNSS} + \begin{figure} + \includegraphics<1>[width=\textwidth]{gnss/phase-delocked-gps-white-rabbit-setup-colored.pdf} + \includegraphics<2>[width=\textwidth]{gnss/phase-delocked-gps-white-rabbit-setup-colored.pdf} + \end{figure} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame}{White Rabbit: Precision Time Protocol} + \begin{figure} + \includegraphics[height=\textheight]{white-rabbit/protocol/wrptpMSGs_1.pdf} + \imagecite{WRPTP} + \end{figure} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame}{White Rabbit: Delay model} + \begin{figure} + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{white-rabbit/protocol/delaymodel.pdf} + \imagecite{WRPTP} + \end{figure} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame}{White Rabbit: Clocks Reference} + \begin{figure} + \centering + \hspace*{-5em} + \includegraphics[width=1.35\textwidth]{clocks/wr-clocks.pdf} + \end{figure} +\end{frame} + %%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Bibliography %%%%%%%%%%%%%%