diff --git a/documents/thesis/chapters/beacon_discipline.tex b/documents/thesis/chapters/beacon_discipline.tex index 4ced510..28d80a0 100644 --- a/documents/thesis/chapters/beacon_discipline.tex +++ b/documents/thesis/chapters/beacon_discipline.tex @@ -56,49 +56,52 @@ Before going in-depth on the synchronisation using either of such beacons, the s % <<<< % time delay An in-band solution for synchronising the detectors is effectively a reversal of the method of interferometry in Section~\ref{sec:interferometry}. -The distance between the transmitter $T$ and the antenna $A_i$ incur a time delay $(\tProp)_i$ caused by the finite propagation speed of the radio signal. +The distance between the transmitter $T$ and the antenna $A_i$ incur a time delay $(\tProp)_i$ caused by the finite propagation speed of the radio signal (see \eqref{eq:propagation_delay}). \\ -Since the signal is an electromagnetic wave, its instantaneous velocity $v$ depends solely on the refractive index~$n$ of the medium as $v = \frac{c}{n}$. -In general, the refractive index of air is dependent on factors such as the pressure and temperature of the air the signal is passing through and the frequencies of the signal. -However, in many cases, the refractive index can be taken constant over the trajectory to simplify models. +\Todo{continuity} -%\begin{figure}%<<< -% \centering -% \begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}%<<< -% %\centering -% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=\textheight,keepaspectratio]{beacon/antenna_setup_two.pdf} -% \caption{ -% Schematic of two antennas ($A_i$) at different distances from a transmitter ($T$). -% Each distance incurs a specific time delay $(\tProp)_i$. -% The maximum time delay difference for these antennas is proportional to the baseline distance (green line). -% \protect \Todo{use `real' transmitter and radio for schematic} -% } -% \label{fig:beacon_spatial_setup} -% \end{subfigure}%>>> -% \begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}%<<< -% %\centering -% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{beacon/auger/1512.02216.figure2.beacon_beat.png} -% \caption{ -% From Ref~\cite{PierreAuger:2015aqe}. -% The beacon signal that the \gls{Auger} has employed in \gls{AERA}. -% The beating between 4 frequencies gives a total period of $1.1\us$ (indicated by the arrows). -% With a synchronisation uncertainty below $100\ns$ from the \gls{GNSS}, it fully resolves the period degeneracy. -% \protect \Todo{incorporate into text} -% } -% \label{fig:beacon:pa} -% \end{subfigure}%>>> -%\end{figure}%>>> - -As such, the time delay due to the propagation from the transmitter to an antenna can be written as -\begin{equation}\label{eq:propagation_delay}% <<< - \phantom{,} - (\tProp)_i = \frac{ \left|{ \vec{x}_{T} - \vec{x}_{A_i} }\right| }{c} n_\mathrm{eff} - , -\end{equation}% >>> -where $n_\mathrm{eff}$ is the effective refractive index over the trajectory of the signal. -\\ +%Since the signal is an electromagnetic wave, its instantaneous velocity $v$ depends solely on the refractive index~$n$ of the medium as $v = \frac{c}{n}$. +%In general, the refractive index of air is dependent on factors such as the pressure and temperature of the air the signal is passing through and the frequencies of the signal. +%However, in many cases, the refractive index can be taken constant over the trajectory to simplify models. +% +%%\begin{figure}%<<< +%% \centering +%% \begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}%<<< +%% %\centering +%% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=\textheight,keepaspectratio]{beacon/antenna_setup_two.pdf} +%% \caption{ +%% Schematic of two antennas ($A_i$) at different distances from a transmitter ($T$). +%% Each distance incurs a specific time delay $(\tProp)_i$. +%% The maximum time delay difference for these antennas is proportional to the baseline distance (green line). +%% \protect \Todo{use `real' transmitter and radio for schematic} +%% } +%% \label{fig:beacon_spatial_setup} +%% \end{subfigure}%>>> +%% \begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}%<<< +%% %\centering +%% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{beacon/auger/1512.02216.figure2.beacon_beat.png} +%% \caption{ +%% From Ref~\cite{PierreAuger:2015aqe}. +%% The beacon signal that the \gls{Auger} has employed in \gls{AERA}. +%% The beating between 4 frequencies gives a total period of $1.1\us$ (indicated by the arrows). +%% With a synchronisation uncertainty below $100\ns$ from the \gls{GNSS}, it fully resolves the period degeneracy. +%% \protect \Todo{incorporate into text} +%% } +%% \label{fig:beacon:pa} +%% \end{subfigure}%>>> +%%\end{figure}%>>> +% +%As such, the time delay due to the propagation from the transmitter to an antenna can be written as +%\begin{equation}\label{eq:propagation_delay}% <<< +% \phantom{,} +% (\tProp)_i = \frac{ \left|{ \vec{x}_{T} - \vec{x}_{A_i} }\right| }{c} n_\mathrm{eff} +% , +%\end{equation}% >>> +%where $n_\mathrm{eff}$ is the effective refractive index over the trajectory of the signal. +%\\ +\Todo{continuity} If the time of emitting the signal at the transmitter $\tTrueEmit$ is known, this allows to directly synchronise the transmitter and an antenna since \begin{equation}\label{eq:transmitter2antenna_t0}%<<< \phantom{,}