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\title{ The KM3NeT project \\ ARCA + ORCA }

\date{April 21st, 2020}
\author{E.T. de Boone}


\begin{document}

\frame{\titlepage}

\begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Outline}
	\tableofcontents
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Papers}
	\begin{figure}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/paper-prototype.png}
	\end{figure}
	\begin{figure}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/paper-letter-of-intent.png}
	\end{figure}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Astrophysical vs Atmospheric Neutrino}
	\begin{figure}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{images/neutrino_sources.png}
		%{\tiny \href{https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2012-30014-2}{10.1140/epjh/e2012-30014-2}}
	\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\note[itemize]{
	\item Distinction Atmospheric vs Astrophysical
		\begin{itemize}
			\item steep decline for > TeV
			\item lower energies
		\end{itemize}
	
	\item Observatories: IceCube, ANTARES
		\begin{itemize}
			\item IceCube: 100 GeV - several PeV
			\item ANTARES: 10 GeV - 100 TeV
		\end{itemize}

	\item Types of events
		\begin{itemize}
			\item Tracklike (through-going)
			\item Showerlike
		\end{itemize}
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% General Info %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{General Info}
\subsection{KM3NeT}
\begin{frame}
	\frametitle{KM3NeT}
	Cubic Kilometer Neutrino Telescope
	\begin{itemize}
		\item Deep-sea neutrino telescope 
			\note[item]{ Observation Principle IceCube }
		\item Three locations in the Mediterranean Sea
			\note[item]{ Locations: Toulon (FR), Sicily (It), Pylos (Gr) }
			\note[item]{ Properties Water } 
		\bigskip
		\pause
		\item 2 Main objectives
			\begin{itemize}
				\item Determine the Neutrino Mass Hierarchy
				\item Observe the Universe using Neutrino’s
			\end{itemize}
	\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\note[itemize] {
	\item Neutrino Mass Hierarchy
		\begin{itemize}
			\item Neutrino's have mass
		\end{itemize}

	\item Universe
		\begin{itemize}
			\item Counterpart to IceCube
			\item Objectives to confirm icecube findings
		\end{itemize}
}

\begin{frame}
	\begin{figure}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{images/km3net-infrastructure.jpg}
	\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\note[itemize] {
	\item Spread over large part of mediterranean sea
	\item Reason for locations: deep water
	\item Succesor to: \begin{itemize}
		\item ANTARES (Fr): only ten km from 
		\item NEMO (It)
		\item NESTOR (Gr)
	\end{itemize}
	\item Greece is pending future funding
}

\begin{frame}
	\frametitle{KM3NeT}
	\begin{itemize}
		\item 2 main objectives
		\begin{itemize}
			\item Determine the Neutrino Mass Hierarchy
			\item Observe the Universe using Neutrino’s
		\end{itemize}
		\bigskip
		\pause
		\item 2 main experiments
		\begin{itemize}
			\item ORCA: Oscillation Research with Cosmics in the Abyss
			\item ARCA: Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss
		\end{itemize}
	\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\note[itemize] {
	\item ORCA in Fr, ARCA in Italy
	\item Combined sensitivity from GeV to above PeV
	\item ORCA:
		\begin{itemize}
			\item Focus on atmospheric neutrinos
			\item densely packed
			\item GeV to TeV $\nu$'s
		\end{itemize}
	\item ARCA:
		\begin{itemize}
			\item Focus on (extra)galactic neutrinos
			\item sparsely packed
			\item TeV to PeV $\nu$'s
		\end{itemize}
}

%%  Technology  %%
	\begin{frame}
		\frametitle{Detector Design}
		\pause
		\begin{figure}
			\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{images/principal-idea-neutrino-telescope-icecube-with-text.png}
		\end{figure}
	\end{frame}
	\note[itemize]{
		\item Old design => Markov 1960 multiple predecessors
		\item compare with IceCube, ANTARES, DUMAND
		\bigskip
		\item Cherenkov light
		\item Digital-Optical Module
	}
	\begin{frame}
		\frametitle{Detector Prototypes}
		\begin{columns}
			\column{0.6\textwidth}
				\begin{figure}
					\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/km3net-ppm-du-schematic.png}
				\end{figure}
			\column{0.4\textwidth}
				\begin{itemize}
					\item Digital Optical Module (April 2013)
					\item Detection Unit (May 2014)
				\end{itemize}
		\end{columns}
	\end{frame}

	\begin{frame}
		\begin{columns}
			\column{0.6\textwidth}
				\begin{figure}
					\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/km3net-building-block-du.png}
				\end{figure}
			\column{0.4\textwidth}
				Building Block
				\begin{itemize}
					\item 115 strings
					\item 18 Digital Optical Modules per string
					\item 31 Photo Multiplier Tubes per DOM
				\end{itemize}
		\end{columns}
	\end{frame}

% Digital Optical Modules
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
	\begin{frame}
		\frametitle{ Digital Optical Modules }
		\begin{figure}
			\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{images/km3net-build-dom.png}
		\end{figure}
	\end{frame}

	\begin{frame}
		\frametitle{Calibration}
		\begin{itemize}
			\item Acoustic Sensor
			\item $^{40}$K decay in seawater
		\end{itemize}
		\begin{figure}
			\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{images/km3net-build-dom-with-piezo.png}
		\end{figure}
	\end{frame}
	\note[itemize]
	{
	\item $^{40}$K 
		\begin{itemize}
			\item $\lambda_{1/2}$ Gyr
		\end{itemize}
	}

\subsection{Event Trigger}
	\begin{frame}
		\frametitle{Event Triggers}
	\end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%   Physics	%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% ORCA
\section{ORCA - Particle Physics}
	\begin{frame}
		\frametitle{ORCA - Particle Physics}
		\begin{figure}
			\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/km3net-orca-locations-france.png}
		\end{figure}
	\end{frame}

\subsection{Neutrino Mass Hierarchy}
	\begin{frame}
		\frametitle{Neutrino Mass Hierarchy}
	\end{frame}

%% ARCA
\section{ARCA - Astroparticle Physics}
	\begin{frame}
		\frametitle{ARCA - Astroparticle Physics}
		\begin{columns}
			\column{.5\textwidth}
				\begin{figure}
					\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/km3net-arca-locations-italy.png}
				\end{figure}
			\column{.5\textwidth}
			\begin{figure}
				\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/km3net-arca-block-division.png}
			\end{figure}
		\end{columns}
	\end{frame}

	\begin{frame}
		\frametitle{Differences between ARCA and ORCA}
		\begin{figure}
			\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/KM3NeT-ARCA-and-ORCA-comparison-area.png}
		\end{figure}
	\end{frame}

\subsection{Glashow Resonance}
	\begin{frame}
		\frametitle{Glashow Resonance}
	\end{frame}




%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
	\begin{frame}
		\frametitle{Recap}
		\begin{itemize}
			\item Deep-sea Cubic Kilometer Neutrino Telescope in the Mediterranean Sea
			\item 2 objectives $\mapsto$ 2 experiments
				\begin{itemize}
					\item ARCA: Astrophysics Research with Cosmics in the Abyss
					\item ORCA: Oscillation Research with Cosmics in the Abyss
				\end{itemize}
			\item Field of View contains Galactic Plane 
		\end{itemize}
		\pause
		\begin{center}
			\vspace{1em}
			Question Time
		\end{center}
	\end{frame}
\end{document}