diff --git a/presentation/images/BlazarNeutrinoJet.jpg b/presentation/images/BlazarNeutrinoJet.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1c99a4 Binary files /dev/null and b/presentation/images/BlazarNeutrinoJet.jpg differ diff --git a/presentation/seminar.tex b/presentation/seminar.tex index 31eea9c..e6cab3a 100644 --- a/presentation/seminar.tex +++ b/presentation/seminar.tex @@ -1,4 +1,34 @@ -\documentclass[showdate=true,slidenumbers=slide]{beamer} +\documentclass[showdate=true,slidenumbers=slide,notes]{beamer} + +\usetheme{Antibes} + +%%%%% Remove Subsection bar from header +\makeatletter +\setbeamertemplate{headline} +{% + \begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=\paperwidth,colsep=1.5pt]{upper separation line head} + \end{beamercolorbox} + \begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=\paperwidth,ht=2.5ex,dp=1.125ex,% + leftskip=.3cm,rightskip=.3cm plus1fil]{title in head/foot} + \usebeamerfont{title in head/foot}\insertshorttitle + \end{beamercolorbox} + \begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=\paperwidth,ht=2.5ex,dp=1.125ex,% + leftskip=.3cm,rightskip=.3cm plus1fil]{section in head/foot} + \usebeamerfont{section in head/foot}% + \ifbeamer@tree@showhooks + \setbox\beamer@tempbox=\hbox{\insertsectionhead}% + \ifdim\wd\beamer@tempbox>1pt% + \hskip2pt\raise1.9pt\hbox{\vrule width0.4pt height1.875ex\vrule width 5pt height0.4pt}% + \hskip1pt% + \fi% + \else% + \hskip6pt% + \fi% + \insertsectionhead + \end{beamercolorbox} +% Code for subsections removed here +} +\makeatother \usepackage{amsmath} @@ -8,7 +38,7 @@ \hspace{1em}% \insertframenumber } -\title{{\small Neutrino} \\ Multi-Messenger Astrophysics \\ on a Blazar} +\title{ Possible Multi-Messenger Astrophysics on a Blazar } \date{\today} \author{E.T. de Boone} @@ -24,9 +54,9 @@ \end{frame} - +\section{History Multi-Messenger Astrophysics} \begin{frame} - \frametitle{Multi-Messenger Astrophysics} + \frametitle{History Multi-Messenger Astrophysics} \begin{table} \centering \begin{tabular}{r|c|c|c|c|c} @@ -45,26 +75,31 @@ \end{tabular} \end{table} \end{frame} -\note{ - Optical very old, - new fields in last hundred years +\note[itemize]{ + \item Optical very old, new fields in last hundred years - Importance and History of Multi Messenger Astrophysics + \item Importance and History of Multi Messenger Astrophysics - Solar Flare in 1940 + \item Solar Flare in 1940 - SN1987A in Large Magellanic Cloud in 1987 - - 25 neutrinos at 3 observatories - - confirmed model core-collapse ( neutrinos carry 99\% Energy ) - - Nobel Prize 2002 + \item SN1987A in Large Magellanic Cloud in 1987 + \begin{itemize} + \item 25 neutrinos at 3 observatories + \item confirmed model core-collapse ( neutrinos carry 99\% Energy ) + \item Nobel Prize 2002 + \end{itemize} - NS merger - - big in the news + \item NS merger + \begin{itemize} + \item big in the news + \end{itemize} - Blazar - - not so big in the news - - what we will talk about + \item Blazar + \begin{itemize} + \item not so big in the news + \item what we will talk about + \end{itemize} } \section{Neutrino Basics} @@ -79,10 +114,10 @@ \begin{figure} \centering \onslide<1-2> - \includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{images/charged_current.pdf} + \includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{images/neutral_current.pdf} \quad\quad \onslide<2> - \includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{images/neutral_current.pdf} + \includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{images/charged_current.pdf} \end{figure} \onslide<4-> \begin{figure} @@ -91,19 +126,19 @@ \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{images/prinicipal_idea_neutrino_telescope.png} \end{figure} \end{frame} -\note{ +\note[itemize]{ - Interactions - Charged Current vs Neutral Current - - NC: energy deposition into electron, - neutrino flies off - - CC: nu_mu on e goes to nu_e with mu + \item Interactions + \begin{itemize} + \item Neutral Current: energy into $e^-$, $\nu_e$ flies off + \item Charged C: $\nu_\mu$ on $e^-$ goes to $\nu_e$ with $\mu$ + \end{itemize} - Cherenkov - Digital-Optical Modules + \item Cherenkov light + \item Digital-Optical Modules + + \item Recap: idea of telescope } \begin{frame} @@ -114,15 +149,25 @@ %{\tiny \href{https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2012-30014-2}{10.1140/epjh/e2012-30014-2}} \end{figure} \end{frame} -\note{ - Distinction Atmospheric vs Astrophysical +\note[itemize]{ + \item Distinction Atmospheric vs Astrophysical + \begin{itemize} + \item steep decline for > TeV + \item lower energies + \item solar flare, sn1987A only because of flux + \end{itemize} - Observatories: - ranges: IceCube, ANTARES, KM3NET + \item Observatories: IceCube, ANTARES + \begin{itemize} + \item IceCube: 100 GeV - several PeV + \item ANTARES: 10 GeV - 100 TeV + \end{itemize} - Types of events - Tracklike vs Showerlike - through-going muons + \item Types of events + \begin{itemize} + \item Tracklike (through-going) + \item Showerlike + \end{itemize} } @@ -130,38 +175,47 @@ \section{IceCube-170922A} \begin{frame} \frametitle{IceCube-170922A} + \pause \begin{figure} \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/IC-170922A-event_display.png} \end{figure} - \pause - \begin{itemize} - \item Muon detected + \item Traversing Muon \item Energy deposited $~23.7$ TeV \item Muon neutrino \item Energy $0.3$ PeV \item Spatial Resolution $< 1^\circ$ \end{itemize} \end{frame} -\note{ - Muon detection +\note[itemize]{ + \item 22 sept 2017 Icecube + \item Muon detection (automated analysis) + \item real-time alert system + \item 43 secs initial direction and energy - E ~ TeV => atmospheric origin not excluded - => EM observation needed to tie to source + \hrule + \item Muon track + \item $\rightarrow$ zenith angle $5.7 \pm 0.5$ + \item $\rightarrow$ interaction outside + \item $\rightarrow$ simulations - followup ANTARES - - 1 day - - sensitivity is 1/10 of IceCube + \hrule - prior data of IceCube - - $3\sigma$ indication of earlier detection in direction + \item IC robust $>$ PeV, individual atmospheric not excluded $\sim100$TeV + \item followup ANTARES data + \begin{itemize} + \item no candidates ( $\pm 1$ day ) + \item sensitivity 1/10 of IceCube at declination + \end{itemize} + + \item $\Rightarrow$ EM observation needed } \begin{frame} - \frametitle{Blazar TXS 0506+056} + \frametitle{EM pinpointing of IC170922A} \begin{figure} \centering \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{images/IC-170922A-positioning-FermiLAT.png} @@ -171,34 +225,54 @@ \item $\gamma$-ray blazar TXS 0506+056 within $0.1^\circ$ of IC event \end{itemize} \end{frame} -\note{ - Space based observatories - - all-sky survey - - +\note[itemize]{ + \item Fermi-LAT instrument + \begin{itemize} + \item 20 MeV to 300 GeV + pair-conversion ($e^-$ + $e^+$) + \item all-sky survey ( entire sky every 3h ) + \end{itemize} + + \item Fermi-LAT observation + \begin{itemize} + \item object $0.1^\circ$ from best-fitting direction known source + \item brightening since April 2017, confirmed by AGILE (italian) + \item automated processing $\rightarrow$ previous flare $\rightarrow$ because neutrino + \end{itemize} + + \item MAGIC instrument + \begin{itemize} + \item telescope on La Palma + \item 50 GeV to 30 TeV + \end{itemize} + \item MAGIC observation + \begin{itemize} + \item observation non-optimal 2h $\rightarrow$ nothing + \item observation good 13h $\rightarrow$ $374 \pm 62$ excess photons + \end{itemize} + + \item VERITAS, HESS no observations $\rightarrow$ upper limits (coming slide) + \item HAWC no source above 1TeV in (archival) data - position 0.1 grad from best-fitting direction - - what is blazar - - AGN - - has jet - - jet pointed at us - - study triggered redshift measurement - - elevated gamma emission - - automated processing showed previous flare. - -> usual, only studied because of neutrino + \item $z < 1$ from flux and extragalactic background light interaction } \begin{frame} - \frametitle{VHE Gamma Ray} - \begin{itemize} - \item Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope - \item Water Cherenkov Telescope - \end{itemize} -\end{frame} + \frametitle{What is a Blazar} + \pause + \begin{figure} + \centering + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/BlazarNeutrinoJet.jpg} + \end{figure} +\end{frame} +\note[itemize]{ + \item Active Galactic Nucleus + \item early optical and radio detections + \item Jet from Central BH + \item Blazar = jet pointed at us + + \item Joke: earth wrongly rotated for current event +} \begin{frame} \frametitle{Further Observations} \begin{figure} @@ -206,14 +280,17 @@ \includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{images/TXS0506+056-observations.png} \end{figure} \end{frame} -\note{ - also x-ray upto radio - introduce experiments (VHE, gamma, x-ray, optical, radio) +\note[itemize]{ + \item Not only Gamma Rays: X-ray to Radio + \item dates: left: 22 Aug 2008 to 6 Sept 2017\\ + right: 6 Sept 2017 to 22 Sept 2017 +\hrule + \item VHE $\gamma$: flare, difference because of Energy and Exposure + \item $\gamma$: flare (AGILE confirmation), earlier flare + \item X-Ray: 9 sources within 2.1 sq deg - dates: - left panel: 22 Aug 2008 to 6 Sept 2017 - right panel: 6 Sept 2017 to 22 Sept 2017 + } @@ -224,16 +301,16 @@ \includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{images/TXS0506+056-broadband-spectrum-distribution.png} \end{figure} \end{frame} -\note{ - observations within 14 days of IC-170922A +\note[itemize]{ + \item observations within 14 days of IC-170922A + \item archival data + \item UL is upper limit - UL is upper limit - - double bump structure - - characteristic of non-thermal emission - - redshift measurement from optical data + \item double bump structure (characteristic of non-thermal emission) + \item redshift difficult non-thermal outshines spectral lines + \item later redshift measurement from optical data ($z=0.3365 \pm 0.0010$) + \item Extrapolated Spectra connect smoothly } @@ -242,24 +319,23 @@ \frametitle{Chance Coincidence and Archival Data} \begin{itemize} - \item $3\sigma$ non-random coincidence + \item $3\sigma$ non-random coincidence $\rightarrow$ inconclusive \pause - \item neutrino in 2014 for TXS 0506+056 + \item $\nu$ detection in $2014$ in vicinity of TXS $0506+056$ \end{itemize} \end{frame} -\note{ - IC-170922A not enough for science - - neutrino production models - - neutrino to gamma +\note[itemize]{ + \item IC-170922A not enough for science + \begin{itemize} + \item neutrino production models + \item neutrino to gamma + \end{itemize} - real-time alert system since Apr 2016 - - 41 archival events also tested + \item real-time alert system since Apr 2016 + \item 41 archival events also tested with TXS - neutrino 2014 - - identification for Blazar - - lower energy + \item neutrino 2014 - points to Blazar - lower energy } @@ -267,13 +343,19 @@ \begin{frame} \frametitle{Recap} \begin{itemize} - \item Neutrino Astronomy is quite difficult + \item Neutrino Astronomy is cool and growing + \item It gives new insights into sources \pause - \item First Neutrino-induced Multi Messenger event + \item First Neutrino-induced Multi Messenger event in 2017 \pause - \item Blazar TXS 0506+056 identified as source for neutrino's + \item Blazar TXS 0506+056 identified as candidate source for neutrino's \end{itemize} + \pause + \begin{center} + \vspace{1em} + Question Time + \end{center} + \end{frame} - \end{document}