367 lines
9.1 KiB
TeX
367 lines
9.1 KiB
TeX
\documentclass[showdate=true]{beamer}
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\usepackage{amsmath}
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%%%%% Add Frame Number
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}
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\title{ Possible Multi-Messenger Astrophysics on a Blazar }
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\date{February 19, 2020}
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\author{E.T. de Boone}
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\begin{document}
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\frame{\titlepage}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Outline}
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\tableofcontents
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\end{frame}
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\section{History Multi-Messenger Astrophysics}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{History Multi-Messenger Astrophysics}
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\begin{table}
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\centering
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\begin{tabular}{r|c|c|c|c|c}
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\textbf{Event} & \textbf{EM} & \textbf{CR} & \textbf{GW} & \textbf{$\nu$} & \textbf{Date} \\
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\hline
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Solar Flare & yes & yes & & & 1940 \\
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\hline
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\onslide<2->
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Supernova & yes & & pred & yes & 1987 \\
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\hline
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\onslide<3->
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NS merger & yes & & yes & pred & aug 2017 \\
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\hline
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\onslide<4->
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Blazar & yes & pred & & yes & sep 2017 \\
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\end{tabular}
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\end{table}
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\end{frame}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item Optical very old, new fields in last hundred years
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\item Importance and History of Multi Messenger Astrophysics
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\item Solar Flare in 1940
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\item SN1987A in Large Magellanic Cloud in 1987
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\begin{itemize}
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\item 25 neutrinos at 3 observatories
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\item confirmed model core-collapse ( neutrinos carry 99\% Energy )
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\item Nobel Prize 2002
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\end{itemize}
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\item NS merger
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\begin{itemize}
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\item big in the news
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\end{itemize}
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\item Blazar
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\begin{itemize}
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\item not so big in the news
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\item what we will talk about
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\end{itemize}
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}
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\section{Neutrino Basics}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Neutrino Basics}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Neutrino interacts in atmosphere, ice or water
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\item<3-> Charged particle gets into the ice or water
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\item<4-> Cherenkov photons detected by DOMs in the matter
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\end{itemize}
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\onslide<1-2>
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\onslide<1-2>
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\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{images/neutral_current.pdf}
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\quad\quad
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\onslide<2>
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\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{images/charged_current.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\onslide<4->
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\begin{figure}
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\vspace*{-3cm}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{images/prinicipal_idea_neutrino_telescope.png}
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\end{figure}
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\end{frame}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item Interactions
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Neutral Current: energy into $e^-$, $\nu_e$ flies off
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\item Charged C: $\nu_\mu$ on $e^-$ goes to $\nu_e$ with $\mu$
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\end{itemize}
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\item Cherenkov light
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\item Digital-Optical Modules
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\item Recap: idea of telescope
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}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Astrophysical vs Atmospheric Neutrino}
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{images/neutrino_sources.png}
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%{\tiny \href{https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2012-30014-2}{10.1140/epjh/e2012-30014-2}}
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\end{figure}
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\end{frame}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item Distinction Atmospheric vs Astrophysical
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\begin{itemize}
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\item steep decline for > TeV
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\item lower energies
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\item solar flare, sn1987A only because of flux
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\end{itemize}
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\item Observatories: IceCube, ANTARES
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\begin{itemize}
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\item IceCube: 100 GeV - several PeV
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\item ANTARES: 10 GeV - 100 TeV
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\end{itemize}
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\item Types of events
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Tracklike (through-going)
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\item Showerlike
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\end{itemize}
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}
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\section{IceCube-170922A}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{IceCube-170922A}
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\pause
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\begin{figure}
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/IC-170922A-event_display.png}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item<only@2> Traversing Muon
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\item<only@2> Energy deposited $~23.7$ TeV
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\item<only@3> Muon neutrino
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\item<only@3> Energy $0.3$ PeV
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\item<only@3> Spatial Resolution $< 1^\circ$
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item 22 sept 2017 Icecube
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\item Muon detection (automated analysis)
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\item real-time alert system
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\item 43 secs initial direction and energy
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\hrule
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\item Muon track
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\item $\rightarrow$ zenith angle $5.7 \pm 0.5$
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\item $\rightarrow$ interaction outside
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\item $\rightarrow$ simulations
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\hrule
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\item IC robust $>$ PeV, individual atmospheric not excluded $\sim100$TeV
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\item followup ANTARES data
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\begin{itemize}
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\item no candidates ( $\pm 1$ day )
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\item sensitivity 1/10 of IceCube at declination
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\end{itemize}
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\item $\Rightarrow$ EM observation needed
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}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{EM pinpointing of IC170922A}
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{images/IC-170922A-positioning-FermiLAT.png}
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\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{images/IC-170922A-positioning-MAGIC.png}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item $\gamma$-ray blazar TXS 0506+056 within $0.1^\circ$ of IC event
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item Fermi-LAT instrument
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\begin{itemize}
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\item 20 MeV to 300 GeV + pair-conversion ($e^-$ + $e^+$)
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\item all-sky survey ( entire sky every 3h )
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\end{itemize}
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\item Fermi-LAT observation
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\begin{itemize}
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\item object $0.1^\circ$ from best-fitting direction known source
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\item brightening since April 2017, confirmed by AGILE (italian)
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\item automated processing $\rightarrow$ previous flare $\rightarrow$ because neutrino
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\end{itemize}
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\item MAGIC instrument
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\begin{itemize}
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\item telescope on La Palma
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\item 50 GeV to 30 TeV
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\end{itemize}
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\item MAGIC observation
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\begin{itemize}
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\item observation non-optimal 2h $\rightarrow$ nothing
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\item observation good 13h $\rightarrow$ $374 \pm 62$ excess photons
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\end{itemize}
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\item VERITAS, HESS no observations $\rightarrow$ upper limits (coming slide)
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\item HAWC no source above 1TeV in (archival) data
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\item $z < 1$ from flux and extragalactic background light interaction
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}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{What is a Blazar}
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\pause
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/BlazarNeutrinoJet.jpg}
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\end{figure}
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\end{frame}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item Active Galactic Nucleus
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\item early optical and radio detections
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\item Jet from Central BH
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\item Blazar = jet pointed at us
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\item Joke: earth wrongly rotated for current event
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}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Further Observations}
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{images/TXS0506+056-observations.png}
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\end{figure}
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\end{frame}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item Not only Gamma Rays: X-ray to Radio
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\item dates: left: 22 Aug 2008 to 6 Sept 2017\\
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right: 6 Sept 2017 to 22 Sept 2017
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\hrule
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\item VHE $\gamma$: flare, difference because of Energy and Exposure
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\item $\gamma$: flare (AGILE confirmation), earlier flare
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\item X-Ray: 9 sources within 2.1 sq deg
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}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Broadband Spectrum of TXS 0506+056}
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{images/TXS0506+056-broadband-spectrum-distribution.png}
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\end{figure}
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\end{frame}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item observations within 14 days of IC-170922A
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\item archival data
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\item UL is upper limit
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\item double bump structure (characteristic of non-thermal emission)
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\item redshift difficult non-thermal outshines spectral lines
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\item later redshift measurement from optical data ($z=0.3365 \pm 0.0010$)
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\item Extrapolated Spectra connect smoothly
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}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Chance Coincidence and Archival Data}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item $3\sigma$ non-random coincidence $\rightarrow$ inconclusive
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\pause
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\item $\nu$ detection in $2014$ in vicinity of TXS $0506+056$
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item IC-170922A not enough for science
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\begin{itemize}
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\item neutrino production models
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\item neutrino to gamma
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\end{itemize}
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\item real-time alert system since Apr 2016
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\item 41 archival events also tested with TXS
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\item neutrino 2014 - points to Blazar - lower energy
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}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Recap}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Neutrino Astronomy is cool and growing
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\item It gives new insights into sources
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\pause
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\item First Neutrino-induced Multi Messenger event in 2017
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\pause
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\item Blazar TXS 0506+056 identified as candidate source for neutrino's
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\end{itemize}
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\pause
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\begin{center}
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\vspace{1em}
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Question Time
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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\end{document}
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