Taking a break: significant additions

2019-20/presentation/presentation.tex

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
 
 \usetheme{Antibes}
 
-\usepackage{pgfpages}
-\setbeameroption{show notes on second screen=left}
-%\setbeameroption{hide notes}
+%\usepackage{pgfpages}
+%\setbeameroption{show notes on second screen=left}
+%\setbeameroption{show notes}
+\setbeameroption{hide notes}
 %\setbeameroption{show only notes}
 
 %%%%% Remove Subsection bar from header
@@ -175,18 +176,17 @@
 	\item ORCA:
 		\begin{itemize}
 			\item Focus on atmospheric neutrinos
-			\item densely packed
-			\item GeV to TeV $\nu$'s
+			\item densely packed $\mapsto$ GeV to TeV $\nu$'s
 		\end{itemize}
 	\item ARCA:
 		\begin{itemize}
 			\item Focus on (extra)galactic neutrinos
-			\item sparsely packed
-			\item TeV to PeV $\nu$'s
+			\item sparsely packed $\mapsto$ TeV to PeV $\nu$'s
 		\end{itemize}
 }
 
 %%  Technology  %%
+\section{Detector Design}
 	\begin{frame}
 		\frametitle{Detector Design}
 		\pause
@@ -201,6 +201,8 @@
 		\item Cherenkov light
 		\item Digital-Optical Module
 	}
+
+	%%
 	\begin{frame}
 		\frametitle{Detector Prototypes}
 		\begin{columns}
@@ -208,14 +210,15 @@
 				\begin{figure}
 					\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/km3net-ppm-du-schematic.png}
 				\end{figure}
-			\column{0.4\textwidth}
+			\column{0.5\textwidth}
 				\begin{itemize}
-					\item Digital Optical Module (April 2013)
-					\item Detection Unit (May 2014)
+					\item Digital Optical Module \\(April 2013)
+					\item Detection Unit \\(May 2014)
 				\end{itemize}
 		\end{columns}
 	\end{frame}
 
+	%%
 	\begin{frame}
 		\begin{columns}
 			\column{0.6\textwidth}
@@ -236,33 +239,141 @@
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 	\begin{frame}
 		\frametitle{ Digital Optical Modules }
-		\begin{figure}
-			\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{images/km3net-build-dom.png}
-		\end{figure}
+		\begin{columns}
+			\column{.4\textwidth}
+				Sensors
+				\begin{itemize}
+					\item 31 PMTs per DOM \\ $\mapsto$ $1400 \mathrm{cm}^2$
+					\item Acoustic Sensor
+					\item Compass
+					\item Accelerometers
+				\end{itemize}
+			\column{.6\textwidth}
+				\begin{figure}
+					\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/km3net-build-dom-with-piezo.png}
+				\end{figure}
+		\end{columns}
+	\end{frame}
+	\note[itemize]
+	{
+	\item Acoustics: resolution to 20 cm $\mapsto$ 1 ns
+	}
+
+	%%
+	\begin{frame}
+		\frametitle{ DOM Data }
+		\begin{columns}
+			\column{.4\textwidth}
+				\begin{itemize}
+					\item Data each 8ns
+						\begin{itemize}
+							\item Start Time ($0.3$ photo-electrons)
+							\item Time over Threshold
+						\end{itemize}
+					\bigskip
+					\item ``All Data to Shore''
+					\item $2^{24} \times 8\mathrm{ns} \approx 134\mathrm{ms}$\note{ uplink: 25 Gb/s $\mapsto $ reduction of data by $10^5$}
+				\end{itemize}
+			\column{.6\textwidth}
+				\begin{figure}
+					\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/km3net-arca-simulated-time-distribution.png}
+				\end{figure}
+		\end{columns}
 	\end{frame}
 
+% Calibration
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 	\begin{frame}
 		\frametitle{Calibration}
 		\begin{itemize}
-			\item Acoustic Sensor
-			\item $^{40}$K decay in seawater
+			\item Nanosecond level precision
+				\begin{itemize}
+					\item Time between PMTs in the same DOM
+					\item Time between DOMs
+				\end{itemize}
+		\end{itemize}
+	\end{frame}
+
+	%%
+	\begin{frame}
+		\frametitle{Calibration}
+		Time between PMTs in the same DOM
+		\begin{itemize}
+			\item $^{40}K$ decay in sea water
 		\end{itemize}
 		\begin{figure}
-			\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{images/km3net-build-dom-with-piezo.png}
+			\includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{images/km3net-ppm-du-field-of-view-dom-3.png}
 		\end{figure}
 	\end{frame}
 	\note[itemize]
 	{
-	\item $^{40}$K 
+	\item $^{40}$K decay
 		\begin{itemize}
 			\item $\lambda_{1/2}$ Gyr
+			\item 150 Cherenkov $\gamma$ per decay
 		\end{itemize}
 	}
 
-\subsection{Event Trigger}
+	%%
+	\begin{frame}
+		\frametitle{Calibration}
+		\begin{columns}
+			\column{.4\textwidth}
+				\begin{figure}
+					\vskip -1.5em
+					\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{images/km3net-build-detection-string.png}
+				\end{figure}
+			\column{.6\textwidth}
+				Time between DOM
+				\begin{itemize}
+					\item LED nanobeacon
+					\item Acoustic Piezo sensor
+				\end{itemize}
+				\begin{figure}
+					\includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{images/km3net-build-dom-with-piezo.png}
+				\end{figure}
+		\end{columns}
+	\end{frame}
+	\note[itemize]
+	{
+	\item
+	}
+	%%
+	\begin{frame}
+		\frametitle{Background Effects}
+		\begin{itemize}
+			\item $^{40}$K decay in seawater
+			\item Bioluminescence
+			\item Dust in water
+		\end{itemize}
+	\end{frame}
+	\note[itemize]
+	{
+	\item LED: 470nm, fully controlled from shore ($I$, $f$) 
+	\item bioluminescence: marine sciences, effect of upto 10\%
+	\item
+	}
+% Events
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 	\begin{frame}
 		\frametitle{Event Triggers}
+		Multiple Triggers
+		\begin{itemize}
+			\item L0: 0.3 photo-electrons in PMT (in DOM)
+			\item L1: 2 hits in separate PMTs within 25ns
+			\item L2: use orientation of PMTs
+				\note { L2 halves the remaining hits }
+		\end{itemize}
 	\end{frame}
+	\note[itemize]
+	{
+	\item L1:
+		\begin{itemize}
+			\item 1kHz per DOM of which 0.6 is $^{40}K$ decay.
+			\item study gives relative time offset mostly 10 ns.
+		\end{itemize}
+	\item L2: halves the remaining hits
+	}
 
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 %%   Physics	%%
@@ -276,12 +387,65 @@
 		\end{figure}
 	\end{frame}
 
+	%%
+	\begin{frame}
+		\frametitle{ORCA - Particle Physics}
+		\begin{columns}
+			\column{.4\textwidth}
+				\begin{itemize}
+					\item
+				\end{itemize}
+			\column{.6\textwidth}
+			\begin{figure}
+				\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/km3net-orca-footprint.png}
+			\end{figure}
+		\end{columns}
+	\end{frame}
+	\note[itemize]
+	{
+	\item horizontal distance 20m
+	\item vertical distance 6m
+	}
+	\begin{frame}
+		\begin{figure}
+			\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/neutrino-signal-background.png}
+		\end{figure}
+	\end{frame}
+
 \subsection{Neutrino Mass Hierarchy}
 	\begin{frame}
 		\frametitle{Neutrino Mass Hierarchy}
+		\begin{figure}
+			\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/neutrino-mass-hierarchies.png}
+		\end{figure}
 	\end{frame}
 
+	%%
+	\begin{frame}
+		\frametitle{Neutrino Oscillations}
+	\end{frame}
+	\note[itemize]
+	{
+	\item mass eigenstates $\neq$ flavour eigenstates, mass squared diff
+	}
+
+	%%
+	\begin{frame}
+		\frametitle{Neutrino Oscillations in Matter}
+	\end{frame}
+	\note[itemize]
+	{
+	\item vaccum oscillations insensitive to sign of mass sq. diff.
+	\item matter is sensisitive $\mapsto$ different cross-sections for $\nu$ and $\bar{\nu}$
+	\item effect largest for $E_\nu \approx 30 GeV/\rho$ $\mapsto$ $1 - 20 GeV$ in KM3NeT
+	\item cannot measure charge
+	\item $\sigma(\nu N) \approx 2\sigma(\bar{\nu} N)$
+	}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 %% ARCA
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 \section{ARCA - Astroparticle Physics}
 	\begin{frame}
 		\frametitle{ARCA - Astroparticle Physics}
@@ -296,7 +460,14 @@
 			\end{figure}
 		\end{columns}
 	\end{frame}
+	\note[itemize]
+	{
+		\item horizontal distance 90m
+		\item vertical distance 36m
+		\item depth 3.5km
+	}
 
+	%%
 	\begin{frame}
 		\frametitle{Differences between ARCA and ORCA}
 		\begin{figure}
@@ -304,9 +475,46 @@
 		\end{figure}
 	\end{frame}
 
+	%%
+	\begin{frame}
+		\frametitle{IceCube and Expected Signal}
+		\begin{itemize}
+			\item Signals from 10 TeV to above 1 PeV
+			\item 54 events with reconstructed energy above 30TeV (2016)
+		\end{itemize}
+		\pause
+		\begin{figure}
+			\includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{images/km3net-arca-significance-diffuse-neutrinos.png}
+		\end{figure}
+	\end{frame}
+
+	%%
+	\begin{frame}
+		\frametitle{Expected Signals: Diffuse Flux from Galactic Plane}
+		\begin{figure}
+			\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/galactic-plane-1-GeV-gamma-rays.png}
+		\end{figure}
+	\end{frame}
+	\note[itemize]
+	{
+	\item TeV $\gamma$-ray emmission from GP
+	\item same hadronic processes lead to high-energy $\nu$'s
+	}
+
+	%%
+	\begin{frame}
+		\frametitle{Expected Signals: Diffuse Flux from Galactic Plane}
+		\begin{figure}
+			\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{images/km3net-arca-significance-diffuse-galactic-plane.png}
+		\end{figure}
+	\end{frame}
+
 \subsection{Glashow Resonance}
 	\begin{frame}
 		\frametitle{Glashow Resonance}
+		\begin{figure}
+			\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{images/km3net-arca-eff-area-glashow-resonance.png}
+		\end{figure}
 	\end{frame}
 
 
@@ -322,7 +530,7 @@
 					\item ARCA: Astrophysics Research with Cosmics in the Abyss
 					\item ORCA: Oscillation Research with Cosmics in the Abyss
 				\end{itemize}
-			\item Field of View contains Galactic Plane 
+			\item Significant results expected within a few years of observations
 		\end{itemize}
 		\pause
 		\begin{center}