Taking a break: significant additions
BIN
2019-20/presentation/images/galactic-plane-1-GeV-gamma-rays.png
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2019-20/presentation/images/km3net-orca-footprint.png
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2019-20/presentation/images/km3net-track-length-estimation.png
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2019-20/presentation/images/neutrino-mass-hierarchies.png
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|
@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\usetheme{Antibes}
|
\usetheme{Antibes}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\usepackage{pgfpages}
|
%\usepackage{pgfpages}
|
||||||
\setbeameroption{show notes on second screen=left}
|
%\setbeameroption{show notes on second screen=left}
|
||||||
%\setbeameroption{hide notes}
|
%\setbeameroption{show notes}
|
||||||
|
\setbeameroption{hide notes}
|
||||||
%\setbeameroption{show only notes}
|
%\setbeameroption{show only notes}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
%%%%% Remove Subsection bar from header
|
%%%%% Remove Subsection bar from header
|
||||||
|
@ -175,18 +176,17 @@
|
||||||
\item ORCA:
|
\item ORCA:
|
||||||
\begin{itemize}
|
\begin{itemize}
|
||||||
\item Focus on atmospheric neutrinos
|
\item Focus on atmospheric neutrinos
|
||||||
\item densely packed
|
\item densely packed $\mapsto$ GeV to TeV $\nu$'s
|
||||||
\item GeV to TeV $\nu$'s
|
|
||||||
\end{itemize}
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
\item ARCA:
|
\item ARCA:
|
||||||
\begin{itemize}
|
\begin{itemize}
|
||||||
\item Focus on (extra)galactic neutrinos
|
\item Focus on (extra)galactic neutrinos
|
||||||
\item sparsely packed
|
\item sparsely packed $\mapsto$ TeV to PeV $\nu$'s
|
||||||
\item TeV to PeV $\nu$'s
|
|
||||||
\end{itemize}
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
%% Technology %%
|
%% Technology %%
|
||||||
|
\section{Detector Design}
|
||||||
\begin{frame}
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
\frametitle{Detector Design}
|
\frametitle{Detector Design}
|
||||||
\pause
|
\pause
|
||||||
|
@ -201,6 +201,8 @@
|
||||||
\item Cherenkov light
|
\item Cherenkov light
|
||||||
\item Digital-Optical Module
|
\item Digital-Optical Module
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
%%
|
||||||
\begin{frame}
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
\frametitle{Detector Prototypes}
|
\frametitle{Detector Prototypes}
|
||||||
\begin{columns}
|
\begin{columns}
|
||||||
|
@ -208,14 +210,15 @@
|
||||||
\begin{figure}
|
\begin{figure}
|
||||||
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/km3net-ppm-du-schematic.png}
|
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/km3net-ppm-du-schematic.png}
|
||||||
\end{figure}
|
\end{figure}
|
||||||
\column{0.4\textwidth}
|
\column{0.5\textwidth}
|
||||||
\begin{itemize}
|
\begin{itemize}
|
||||||
\item Digital Optical Module (April 2013)
|
\item Digital Optical Module \\(April 2013)
|
||||||
\item Detection Unit (May 2014)
|
\item Detection Unit \\(May 2014)
|
||||||
\end{itemize}
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
\end{columns}
|
\end{columns}
|
||||||
\end{frame}
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
%%
|
||||||
\begin{frame}
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
\begin{columns}
|
\begin{columns}
|
||||||
\column{0.6\textwidth}
|
\column{0.6\textwidth}
|
||||||
|
@ -236,33 +239,141 @@
|
||||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||||
\begin{frame}
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
\frametitle{ Digital Optical Modules }
|
\frametitle{ Digital Optical Modules }
|
||||||
|
\begin{columns}
|
||||||
|
\column{.4\textwidth}
|
||||||
|
Sensors
|
||||||
|
\begin{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\item 31 PMTs per DOM \\ $\mapsto$ $1400 \mathrm{cm}^2$
|
||||||
|
\item Acoustic Sensor
|
||||||
|
\item Compass
|
||||||
|
\item Accelerometers
|
||||||
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\column{.6\textwidth}
|
||||||
\begin{figure}
|
\begin{figure}
|
||||||
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{images/km3net-build-dom.png}
|
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/km3net-build-dom-with-piezo.png}
|
||||||
\end{figure}
|
\end{figure}
|
||||||
|
\end{columns}
|
||||||
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
\note[itemize]
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
\item Acoustics: resolution to 20 cm $\mapsto$ 1 ns
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
%%
|
||||||
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
|
\frametitle{ DOM Data }
|
||||||
|
\begin{columns}
|
||||||
|
\column{.4\textwidth}
|
||||||
|
\begin{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\item Data each 8ns
|
||||||
|
\begin{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\item Start Time ($0.3$ photo-electrons)
|
||||||
|
\item Time over Threshold
|
||||||
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\bigskip
|
||||||
|
\item ``All Data to Shore''
|
||||||
|
\item $2^{24} \times 8\mathrm{ns} \approx 134\mathrm{ms}$\note{ uplink: 25 Gb/s $\mapsto $ reduction of data by $10^5$}
|
||||||
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\column{.6\textwidth}
|
||||||
|
\begin{figure}
|
||||||
|
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/km3net-arca-simulated-time-distribution.png}
|
||||||
|
\end{figure}
|
||||||
|
\end{columns}
|
||||||
\end{frame}
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
% Calibration
|
||||||
|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||||
\begin{frame}
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
\frametitle{Calibration}
|
\frametitle{Calibration}
|
||||||
\begin{itemize}
|
\begin{itemize}
|
||||||
\item Acoustic Sensor
|
\item Nanosecond level precision
|
||||||
\item $^{40}$K decay in seawater
|
\begin{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\item Time between PMTs in the same DOM
|
||||||
|
\item Time between DOMs
|
||||||
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
%%
|
||||||
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
|
\frametitle{Calibration}
|
||||||
|
Time between PMTs in the same DOM
|
||||||
|
\begin{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\item $^{40}K$ decay in sea water
|
||||||
\end{itemize}
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
\begin{figure}
|
\begin{figure}
|
||||||
\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{images/km3net-build-dom-with-piezo.png}
|
\includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{images/km3net-ppm-du-field-of-view-dom-3.png}
|
||||||
\end{figure}
|
\end{figure}
|
||||||
\end{frame}
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
\note[itemize]
|
\note[itemize]
|
||||||
{
|
{
|
||||||
\item $^{40}$K
|
\item $^{40}$K decay
|
||||||
\begin{itemize}
|
\begin{itemize}
|
||||||
\item $\lambda_{1/2}$ Gyr
|
\item $\lambda_{1/2}$ Gyr
|
||||||
|
\item 150 Cherenkov $\gamma$ per decay
|
||||||
\end{itemize}
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsection{Event Trigger}
|
%%
|
||||||
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
|
\frametitle{Calibration}
|
||||||
|
\begin{columns}
|
||||||
|
\column{.4\textwidth}
|
||||||
|
\begin{figure}
|
||||||
|
\vskip -1.5em
|
||||||
|
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{images/km3net-build-detection-string.png}
|
||||||
|
\end{figure}
|
||||||
|
\column{.6\textwidth}
|
||||||
|
Time between DOM
|
||||||
|
\begin{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\item LED nanobeacon
|
||||||
|
\item Acoustic Piezo sensor
|
||||||
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\begin{figure}
|
||||||
|
\includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{images/km3net-build-dom-with-piezo.png}
|
||||||
|
\end{figure}
|
||||||
|
\end{columns}
|
||||||
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
\note[itemize]
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
\item
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
%%
|
||||||
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
|
\frametitle{Background Effects}
|
||||||
|
\begin{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\item $^{40}$K decay in seawater
|
||||||
|
\item Bioluminescence
|
||||||
|
\item Dust in water
|
||||||
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
\note[itemize]
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
\item LED: 470nm, fully controlled from shore ($I$, $f$)
|
||||||
|
\item bioluminescence: marine sciences, effect of upto 10\%
|
||||||
|
\item
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
% Events
|
||||||
|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||||
\begin{frame}
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
\frametitle{Event Triggers}
|
\frametitle{Event Triggers}
|
||||||
|
Multiple Triggers
|
||||||
|
\begin{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\item L0: 0.3 photo-electrons in PMT (in DOM)
|
||||||
|
\item L1: 2 hits in separate PMTs within 25ns
|
||||||
|
\item L2: use orientation of PMTs
|
||||||
|
\note { L2 halves the remaining hits }
|
||||||
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
\end{frame}
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
\note[itemize]
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
\item L1:
|
||||||
|
\begin{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\item 1kHz per DOM of which 0.6 is $^{40}K$ decay.
|
||||||
|
\item study gives relative time offset mostly 10 ns.
|
||||||
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\item L2: halves the remaining hits
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||||
%% Physics %%
|
%% Physics %%
|
||||||
|
@ -276,12 +387,65 @@
|
||||||
\end{figure}
|
\end{figure}
|
||||||
\end{frame}
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
%%
|
||||||
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
|
\frametitle{ORCA - Particle Physics}
|
||||||
|
\begin{columns}
|
||||||
|
\column{.4\textwidth}
|
||||||
|
\begin{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\item
|
||||||
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\column{.6\textwidth}
|
||||||
|
\begin{figure}
|
||||||
|
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/km3net-orca-footprint.png}
|
||||||
|
\end{figure}
|
||||||
|
\end{columns}
|
||||||
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
\note[itemize]
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
\item horizontal distance 20m
|
||||||
|
\item vertical distance 6m
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
|
\begin{figure}
|
||||||
|
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/neutrino-signal-background.png}
|
||||||
|
\end{figure}
|
||||||
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsection{Neutrino Mass Hierarchy}
|
\subsection{Neutrino Mass Hierarchy}
|
||||||
\begin{frame}
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
\frametitle{Neutrino Mass Hierarchy}
|
\frametitle{Neutrino Mass Hierarchy}
|
||||||
|
\begin{figure}
|
||||||
|
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/neutrino-mass-hierarchies.png}
|
||||||
|
\end{figure}
|
||||||
\end{frame}
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
%%
|
||||||
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
|
\frametitle{Neutrino Oscillations}
|
||||||
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
\note[itemize]
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
\item mass eigenstates $\neq$ flavour eigenstates, mass squared diff
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
%%
|
||||||
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
|
\frametitle{Neutrino Oscillations in Matter}
|
||||||
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
\note[itemize]
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
\item vaccum oscillations insensitive to sign of mass sq. diff.
|
||||||
|
\item matter is sensisitive $\mapsto$ different cross-sections for $\nu$ and $\bar{\nu}$
|
||||||
|
\item effect largest for $E_\nu \approx 30 GeV/\rho$ $\mapsto$ $1 - 20 GeV$ in KM3NeT
|
||||||
|
\item cannot measure charge
|
||||||
|
\item $\sigma(\nu N) \approx 2\sigma(\bar{\nu} N)$
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||||
%% ARCA
|
%% ARCA
|
||||||
|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||||
\section{ARCA - Astroparticle Physics}
|
\section{ARCA - Astroparticle Physics}
|
||||||
\begin{frame}
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
\frametitle{ARCA - Astroparticle Physics}
|
\frametitle{ARCA - Astroparticle Physics}
|
||||||
|
@ -296,7 +460,14 @@
|
||||||
\end{figure}
|
\end{figure}
|
||||||
\end{columns}
|
\end{columns}
|
||||||
\end{frame}
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
\note[itemize]
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
\item horizontal distance 90m
|
||||||
|
\item vertical distance 36m
|
||||||
|
\item depth 3.5km
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
%%
|
||||||
\begin{frame}
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
\frametitle{Differences between ARCA and ORCA}
|
\frametitle{Differences between ARCA and ORCA}
|
||||||
\begin{figure}
|
\begin{figure}
|
||||||
|
@ -304,9 +475,46 @@
|
||||||
\end{figure}
|
\end{figure}
|
||||||
\end{frame}
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
%%
|
||||||
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
|
\frametitle{IceCube and Expected Signal}
|
||||||
|
\begin{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\item Signals from 10 TeV to above 1 PeV
|
||||||
|
\item 54 events with reconstructed energy above 30TeV (2016)
|
||||||
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\pause
|
||||||
|
\begin{figure}
|
||||||
|
\includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{images/km3net-arca-significance-diffuse-neutrinos.png}
|
||||||
|
\end{figure}
|
||||||
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
%%
|
||||||
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
|
\frametitle{Expected Signals: Diffuse Flux from Galactic Plane}
|
||||||
|
\begin{figure}
|
||||||
|
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/galactic-plane-1-GeV-gamma-rays.png}
|
||||||
|
\end{figure}
|
||||||
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
\note[itemize]
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
\item TeV $\gamma$-ray emmission from GP
|
||||||
|
\item same hadronic processes lead to high-energy $\nu$'s
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
%%
|
||||||
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
|
\frametitle{Expected Signals: Diffuse Flux from Galactic Plane}
|
||||||
|
\begin{figure}
|
||||||
|
\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{images/km3net-arca-significance-diffuse-galactic-plane.png}
|
||||||
|
\end{figure}
|
||||||
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsection{Glashow Resonance}
|
\subsection{Glashow Resonance}
|
||||||
\begin{frame}
|
\begin{frame}
|
||||||
\frametitle{Glashow Resonance}
|
\frametitle{Glashow Resonance}
|
||||||
|
\begin{figure}
|
||||||
|
\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{images/km3net-arca-eff-area-glashow-resonance.png}
|
||||||
|
\end{figure}
|
||||||
\end{frame}
|
\end{frame}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -322,7 +530,7 @@
|
||||||
\item ARCA: Astrophysics Research with Cosmics in the Abyss
|
\item ARCA: Astrophysics Research with Cosmics in the Abyss
|
||||||
\item ORCA: Oscillation Research with Cosmics in the Abyss
|
\item ORCA: Oscillation Research with Cosmics in the Abyss
|
||||||
\end{itemize}
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
\item Field of View contains Galactic Plane
|
\item Significant results expected within a few years of observations
|
||||||
\end{itemize}
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
\pause
|
\pause
|
||||||
\begin{center}
|
\begin{center}
|
||||||
|
|