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presentation/seminar.tex
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\documentclass[showdate=true,slidenumbers=slide]{beamer}
\documentclass[showdate=true,slidenumbers=slide,notes]{beamer}
\usetheme{Antibes}
%%%%% Remove Subsection bar from header
\makeatletter
\setbeamertemplate{headline}
{%
\begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=\paperwidth,colsep=1.5pt]{upper separation line head}
\end{beamercolorbox}
\begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=\paperwidth,ht=2.5ex,dp=1.125ex,%
leftskip=.3cm,rightskip=.3cm plus1fil]{title in head/foot}
\usebeamerfont{title in head/foot}\insertshorttitle
\end{beamercolorbox}
\begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=\paperwidth,ht=2.5ex,dp=1.125ex,%
leftskip=.3cm,rightskip=.3cm plus1fil]{section in head/foot}
\usebeamerfont{section in head/foot}%
\ifbeamer@tree@showhooks
\setbox\beamer@tempbox=\hbox{\insertsectionhead}%
\ifdim\wd\beamer@tempbox>1pt%
\hskip2pt\raise1.9pt\hbox{\vrule width0.4pt height1.875ex\vrule width 5pt height0.4pt}%
\hskip1pt%
\fi%
\else%
\hskip6pt%
\fi%
\insertsectionhead
\end{beamercolorbox}
% Code for subsections removed here
}
\makeatother
\usepackage{amsmath}
@ -8,7 +38,7 @@
\hspace{1em}%
\insertframenumber
}
\title{{\small Neutrino} \\ Multi-Messenger Astrophysics \\ on a Blazar}
\title{ Possible Multi-Messenger Astrophysics on a Blazar }
\date{\today}
\author{E.T. de Boone}
@ -24,9 +54,9 @@
\end{frame}
\section{History Multi-Messenger Astrophysics}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Multi-Messenger Astrophysics}
\frametitle{History Multi-Messenger Astrophysics}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{r|c|c|c|c|c}
@ -45,26 +75,31 @@
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{frame}
\note{
Optical very old,
new fields in last hundred years
\note[itemize]{
\item Optical very old, new fields in last hundred years
Importance and History of Multi Messenger Astrophysics
\item Importance and History of Multi Messenger Astrophysics
Solar Flare in 1940
\item Solar Flare in 1940
SN1987A in Large Magellanic Cloud in 1987
- 25 neutrinos at 3 observatories
- confirmed model core-collapse ( neutrinos carry 99\% Energy )
- Nobel Prize 2002
\item SN1987A in Large Magellanic Cloud in 1987
\begin{itemize}
\item 25 neutrinos at 3 observatories
\item confirmed model core-collapse ( neutrinos carry 99\% Energy )
\item Nobel Prize 2002
\end{itemize}
NS merger
- big in the news
\item NS merger
\begin{itemize}
\item big in the news
\end{itemize}
Blazar
- not so big in the news
- what we will talk about
\item Blazar
\begin{itemize}
\item not so big in the news
\item what we will talk about
\end{itemize}
}
\section{Neutrino Basics}
@ -79,10 +114,10 @@
\begin{figure}
\centering
\onslide<1-2>
\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{images/charged_current.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{images/neutral_current.pdf}
\quad\quad
\onslide<2>
\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{images/neutral_current.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{images/charged_current.pdf}
\end{figure}
\onslide<4->
\begin{figure}
@ -91,19 +126,19 @@
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{images/prinicipal_idea_neutrino_telescope.png}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\note{
\note[itemize]{
Interactions
Charged Current vs Neutral Current
NC: energy deposition into electron,
neutrino flies off
CC: nu_mu on e goes to nu_e with mu
\item Interactions
\begin{itemize}
\item Neutral Current: energy into $e^-$, $\nu_e$ flies off
\item Charged C: $\nu_\mu$ on $e^-$ goes to $\nu_e$ with $\mu$
\end{itemize}
Cherenkov
Digital-Optical Modules
\item Cherenkov light
\item Digital-Optical Modules
\item Recap: idea of telescope
}
\begin{frame}
@ -114,15 +149,25 @@
%{\tiny \href{https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2012-30014-2}{10.1140/epjh/e2012-30014-2}}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\note{
Distinction Atmospheric vs Astrophysical
\note[itemize]{
\item Distinction Atmospheric vs Astrophysical
\begin{itemize}
\item steep decline for > TeV
\item lower energies
\item solar flare, sn1987A only because of flux
\end{itemize}
Observatories:
ranges: IceCube, ANTARES, KM3NET
\item Observatories: IceCube, ANTARES
\begin{itemize}
\item IceCube: 100 GeV - several PeV
\item ANTARES: 10 GeV - 100 TeV
\end{itemize}
Types of events
Tracklike vs Showerlike
through-going muons
\item Types of events
\begin{itemize}
\item Tracklike (through-going)
\item Showerlike
\end{itemize}
}
@ -130,38 +175,47 @@
\section{IceCube-170922A}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{IceCube-170922A}
\pause
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/IC-170922A-event_display.png}
\end{figure}
\pause
\begin{itemize}
\item<only@2> Muon detected
\item<only@2> Traversing Muon
\item<only@2> Energy deposited $~23.7$ TeV
\item<only@3> Muon neutrino
\item<only@3> Energy $0.3$ PeV
\item<only@3> Spatial Resolution $< 1^\circ$
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\note{
Muon detection
\note[itemize]{
\item 22 sept 2017 Icecube
\item Muon detection (automated analysis)
\item real-time alert system
\item 43 secs initial direction and energy
E ~ TeV => atmospheric origin not excluded
=> EM observation needed to tie to source
\hrule
\item Muon track
\item $\rightarrow$ zenith angle $5.7 \pm 0.5$
\item $\rightarrow$ interaction outside
\item $\rightarrow$ simulations
followup ANTARES
- 1 day
- sensitivity is 1/10 of IceCube
\hrule
prior data of IceCube
- $3\sigma$ indication of earlier detection in direction
\item IC robust $>$ PeV, individual atmospheric not excluded $\sim100$TeV
\item followup ANTARES data
\begin{itemize}
\item no candidates ( $\pm 1$ day )
\item sensitivity 1/10 of IceCube at declination
\end{itemize}
\item $\Rightarrow$ EM observation needed
}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Blazar TXS 0506+056}
\frametitle{EM pinpointing of IC170922A}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{images/IC-170922A-positioning-FermiLAT.png}
@ -171,34 +225,54 @@
\item $\gamma$-ray blazar TXS 0506+056 within $0.1^\circ$ of IC event
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\note{
Space based observatories
- all-sky survey
-
\note[itemize]{
\item Fermi-LAT instrument
\begin{itemize}
\item 20 MeV to 300 GeV + pair-conversion ($e^-$ + $e^+$)
\item all-sky survey ( entire sky every 3h )
\end{itemize}
\item Fermi-LAT observation
\begin{itemize}
\item object $0.1^\circ$ from best-fitting direction known source
\item brightening since April 2017, confirmed by AGILE (italian)
\item automated processing $\rightarrow$ previous flare $\rightarrow$ because neutrino
\end{itemize}
\item MAGIC instrument
\begin{itemize}
\item telescope on La Palma
\item 50 GeV to 30 TeV
\end{itemize}
\item MAGIC observation
\begin{itemize}
\item observation non-optimal 2h $\rightarrow$ nothing
\item observation good 13h $\rightarrow$ $374 \pm 62$ excess photons
\end{itemize}
\item VERITAS, HESS no observations $\rightarrow$ upper limits (coming slide)
\item HAWC no source above 1TeV in (archival) data
position 0.1 grad from best-fitting direction
what is blazar
- AGN
- has jet
- jet pointed at us
study triggered redshift measurement
elevated gamma emission
automated processing showed previous flare.
-> usual, only studied because of neutrino
\item $z < 1$ from flux and extragalactic background light interaction
}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{VHE Gamma Ray}
\begin{itemize}
\item Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope
\item Water Cherenkov Telescope
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\frametitle{What is a Blazar}
\pause
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/BlazarNeutrinoJet.jpg}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\note[itemize]{
\item Active Galactic Nucleus
\item early optical and radio detections
\item Jet from Central BH
\item Blazar = jet pointed at us
\item Joke: earth wrongly rotated for current event
}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Further Observations}
\begin{figure}
@ -206,14 +280,17 @@
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{images/TXS0506+056-observations.png}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\note{
also x-ray upto radio
introduce experiments (VHE, gamma, x-ray, optical, radio)
\note[itemize]{
\item Not only Gamma Rays: X-ray to Radio
\item dates: left: 22 Aug 2008 to 6 Sept 2017\\
right: 6 Sept 2017 to 22 Sept 2017
\hrule
\item VHE $\gamma$: flare, difference because of Energy and Exposure
\item $\gamma$: flare (AGILE confirmation), earlier flare
\item X-Ray: 9 sources within 2.1 sq deg
dates:
left panel: 22 Aug 2008 to 6 Sept 2017
right panel: 6 Sept 2017 to 22 Sept 2017
}
@ -224,16 +301,16 @@
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{images/TXS0506+056-broadband-spectrum-distribution.png}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\note{
observations within 14 days of IC-170922A
\note[itemize]{
\item observations within 14 days of IC-170922A
\item archival data
\item UL is upper limit
UL is upper limit
double bump structure
- characteristic of non-thermal emission
redshift measurement from optical data
\item double bump structure (characteristic of non-thermal emission)
\item redshift difficult non-thermal outshines spectral lines
\item later redshift measurement from optical data ($z=0.3365 \pm 0.0010$)
\item Extrapolated Spectra connect smoothly
}
@ -242,24 +319,23 @@
\frametitle{Chance Coincidence and Archival Data}
\begin{itemize}
\item $3\sigma$ non-random coincidence
\item $3\sigma$ non-random coincidence $\rightarrow$ inconclusive
\pause
\item neutrino in 2014 for TXS 0506+056
\item $\nu$ detection in $2014$ in vicinity of TXS $0506+056$
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\note{
IC-170922A not enough for science
- neutrino production models
- neutrino to gamma
\note[itemize]{
\item IC-170922A not enough for science
\begin{itemize}
\item neutrino production models
\item neutrino to gamma
\end{itemize}
real-time alert system since Apr 2016
41 archival events also tested
\item real-time alert system since Apr 2016
\item 41 archival events also tested with TXS
neutrino 2014
- identification for Blazar
- lower energy
\item neutrino 2014 - points to Blazar - lower energy
}
@ -267,13 +343,19 @@
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Recap}
\begin{itemize}
\item Neutrino Astronomy is quite difficult
\item Neutrino Astronomy is cool and growing
\item It gives new insights into sources
\pause
\item First Neutrino-induced Multi Messenger event
\item First Neutrino-induced Multi Messenger event in 2017
\pause
\item Blazar TXS 0506+056 identified as source for neutrino's
\item Blazar TXS 0506+056 identified as candidate source for neutrino's
\end{itemize}
\pause
\begin{center}
\vspace{1em}
Question Time
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\end{document}