Added Neutrino Astronomy Basics

presentation/seminar.tex

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     \hspace{1em}%
     \insertframenumber
 }
-\title{Multi-messenger observations of a flaring Blazar}
+\title{{\small Neutrino} \\ Multi-Messenger Astrophysics \\ on a Blazar}
 
 \date{\today}
 \author{E.T. de Boone}
@@ -24,71 +24,124 @@
 \end{frame}
 
 
+
 \begin{frame}
 	\frametitle{Multi-Messenger Astrophysics}
 	\begin{table}
 		\centering
 	\begin{tabular}{r|c|c|c|c|c}
-					& EM	& CR	& GW	& $\nu$ & year \\
+		\textbf{Event} & \textbf{EM}	& \textbf{CR}	& \textbf{GW}	& \textbf{$\nu$} & \textbf{Date} \\
 	\hline
 		Solar Flare	& yes	& yes	&		&		& 1940 \\
 	\hline
+	\onslide<2->
 		Supernova	& yes	&		& pred	& yes	& 1987 \\
 	\hline
+	\onslide<3->
 		NS merger	& yes	&		& yes	& pred	& aug 2017 \\
 	\hline
-		Blazar		& yes	&		&		& yes	& sep 2017 \\
+	\onslide<4->
+		Blazar		& yes	& pred	&		& yes	& sep 2017 \\
 	\end{tabular}
 	\end{table}
 \end{frame}
 \note{
+	Optical very old, 
+	new fields in last hundred years
+
 	Importance and History of Multi Messenger Astrophysics
+
+	Solar Flare in 1940
+
+	SN1987A in Large Magellanic Cloud in 1987
+	 - 25 neutrinos at 3 observatories
+	 - confirmed model core-collapse ( neutrinos carry 99\% Energy )
+	 - Nobel Prize 2002
+
+	NS merger
+	 - big in the news
+
+
+	Blazar
+	 - not so big in the news
+	 - what we will talk about
 }
 
-
-\section{Instruments and Observations}
-\subsection{Neutrinos}
+\section{Neutrino Basics}
 \begin{frame}
-	\frametitle{Basics}
+	\frametitle{Neutrino Basics}
 	\begin{itemize}
 		\item Neutrino interacts in atmosphere, ice or water
-		\item<2-> Charged particle gets into the ice or water and emit Cherenkov photons
-		\item<3-> Cherenkov photons detected by DOMs in the matter
+		\item<3-> Charged particle gets into the ice or water
+		\item<4-> Cherenkov photons detected by DOMs in the matter
 	\end{itemize}
+	\onslide<1-2>
+	\begin{figure}
+		\centering
+			\onslide<1-2>
+			\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{images/charged_current.pdf}
+			\quad\quad
+			\onslide<2>
+			\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{images/neutral_current.pdf}
+	\end{figure}
+	\onslide<4->
+	\begin{figure}
+		\vspace*{-3cm}
+		\centering
+		\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{images/prinicipal_idea_neutrino_telescope.png}
+	\end{figure}
 \end{frame}
 \note{
-	Observatories: IceCube, ANTARES, KM3NET
 
 	Interactions
 	Charged Current vs Neutral Current
 
+	NC: energy deposition into electron, 
+		neutrino flies off
+
+	CC: nu_mu on e   goes to    nu_e with mu
+
+
 	Cherenkov
 	Digital-Optical Modules
+}
+
+\begin{frame}
+	\frametitle{Astrophysical vs Atmospheric Neutrino}
+	\begin{figure}
+		\centering
+		\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{images/neutrino_sources.png}
+		%{\tiny \href{https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2012-30014-2}{10.1140/epjh/e2012-30014-2}}
+	\end{figure}
+\end{frame}
+\note{
+	Distinction Atmospheric vs Astrophysical
+	
+	Observatories:
+		ranges: IceCube, ANTARES, KM3NET
 
 	Types of events
 		Tracklike vs Showerlike
+		through-going muons
 }
+
+
+
+\section{IceCube-170922A}
 \begin{frame}
-	\frametitle{event IC-170922A}
-	\begin{columns}[t]
-		\begin{column}{0.6\textwidth}
-			\begin{itemize}
-				\item Muon detected
-				\item Energy deposited $~23.7$ TeV
-			\end{itemize}
-			\begin{itemize}
-				\item Muon neutrino
-				\item Energy $~290$ TeV
-				\item Spatial Resolution $< 1^\circ$
-				\item 
-			\end{itemize}
-		\end{column}
-		\begin{column}{0.3\textwidth}
+	\frametitle{IceCube-170922A}
 	\begin{figure}
 		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/IC-170922A-event_display.png}
 	\end{figure}
-		\end{column}
-	\end{columns}
+	\pause
+
+	\begin{itemize}
+		\item<only@2> Muon detected
+		\item<only@2> Energy deposited $~23.7$ TeV
+		\item<only@3> Muon neutrino
+		\item<only@3> Energy $0.3$ PeV
+		\item<only@3> Spatial Resolution $< 1^\circ$
+	\end{itemize}
 \end{frame}
 \note{
 	Muon detection
@@ -107,42 +160,28 @@
 
 }
 
-
-\subsection{Gamma Rays}
 \begin{frame}
-	\frametitle{Instruments}
-	\begin{itemize}
-		\item FermiLAT
-		\item AGILE
-	\end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-\note{
-	FermiLAT on Fermi satellite
-
-	AGILE
-	 - italian spacecraft
-}
-
-\begin{frame}
-	\frametitle{Observations}
-	\begin{columns}[t]
-		\begin{column}{0.7\textwidth}
-			\begin{itemize}
-				\item $\gamma$-ray blazar TXS 0506+056
-			\end{itemize}
-		\end{column}
-		\begin{column}{0.3\textwidth}
+	\frametitle{Blazar TXS 0506+056}
 	\begin{figure}
 		\centering
-				\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/IC-170922A-positioning-FermiLAT.png}
+		\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{images/IC-170922A-positioning-FermiLAT.png}
+		\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{images/IC-170922A-positioning-MAGIC.png}
 	\end{figure}
-		\end{column}
-	\end{columns}
+	\begin{itemize}
+		\item $\gamma$-ray blazar TXS 0506+056 within $0.1^\circ$ of IC event
+	\end{itemize}
 \end{frame}
 \note{
+	Space based observatories
+	 - all-sky survey
+	 - 
+
 	position 0.1 grad from best-fitting direction
 
 	what is blazar
+	 - AGN
+	 - has jet
+	 - jet pointed at us
 
 	study triggered redshift measurement
 
@@ -152,16 +191,89 @@
 	-> usual, only studied because of neutrino
 }
 
-\subsection{Very High Energy Gamma Rays}
 \begin{frame}
-	\frametitle{Instruments}
+	\frametitle{VHE Gamma Ray}
 	\begin{itemize}
 		\item Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope
 		\item Water Cherenkov Telescope
 	\end{itemize}
 \end{frame}
 
+\begin{frame}
+	\frametitle{Further Observations}
+	\begin{figure}
+		\centering
+		\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{images/TXS0506+056-observations.png}
+	\end{figure}
+\end{frame}
+\note{
+	also x-ray upto radio
+	introduce experiments (VHE, gamma, x-ray, optical, radio)
 
+	dates:
+		left panel:	22 Aug 2008  to  6 Sept 2017
+		right panel: 6 Sept 2017  to  22 Sept 2017
+	
+}
+
+
+\begin{frame}
+	\frametitle{Broadband Spectrum of TXS 0506+056}
+	\begin{figure}
+		\centering
+		\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{images/TXS0506+056-broadband-spectrum-distribution.png}
+	\end{figure}
+\end{frame}
+\note{
+	observations within 14 days of IC-170922A
+
+	UL is upper limit
+
+	double bump structure
+	 - characteristic of non-thermal emission
+	
+	redshift measurement from optical data
+
+}
+
+
+
+\begin{frame}
+	\frametitle{Chance Coincidence and Archival Data}
+
+	\begin{itemize}
+		\item $3\sigma$ non-random coincidence
+		\pause
+		\item neutrino in 2014 for TXS 0506+056
+	\end{itemize}
+
+\end{frame}
+\note{
+	IC-170922A not enough for science
+	 - neutrino production models
+	 - neutrino to gamma
+
+	real-time alert system since Apr 2016
+
+	41 archival events also tested
+	
+	neutrino 2014
+	 - identification for Blazar
+	 - lower energy
+}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{frame}
+	\frametitle{Recap}
+	\begin{itemize}
+		\item Neutrino Astronomy is quite difficult
+		\pause
+		\item First Neutrino-induced Multi Messenger event
+		\pause
+		\item Blazar TXS 0506+056 identified as source for neutrino's
+	\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
 
 
 \end{document}